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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >TOXICITY OF FOUR VETERINARY PARASITICIDES ON LARVAE OF THE DUNG BEETLE APHODIUS CONSTANS IN THE LABORATORY
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TOXICITY OF FOUR VETERINARY PARASITICIDES ON LARVAE OF THE DUNG BEETLE APHODIUS CONSTANS IN THE LABORATORY

机译：实验室中四种兽用杀虫剂对粪便中甲虫的毒性

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摘要

The environmental risk assessment of veterinary pharmaceuticals for dung beetles is strongly hampered because no standardized test method is available so far. Therefore, a test with the temperate dung beetle species Aphodius constans was developed. The survival of beetle larvae was determined after exposure to four veterinary parasitical pharmaceuticals (ivermectin, moxidectin, dicyclanil, and praziquantel) representing different treatment regimes, modes of action, and effect levels. The test was performed in the laboratory (three week duration) with fresh dung, as well as formulated (dried, ground, and rewetted) dung as test substrate (i.e., at least one range-finding test, two definitive test runs per pharmaceutical). Ivermectin was the most toxic substance (median lethal concentration [LC50] = 0.88-0.98 mg of active substance per kilogram of dung dry weight [mg a.s./kg dung (dry wt)] followed by dicyclanil (LC50 = 1.5-6.0 mg a.s./kg dung [dry wt]) and moxidectin (LC50 = 4.0-5.4 mg a.s./kg dung [dry wt]), whereas praziquantel showed very low toxicity (LC50 > 1,000 mg a.s./kg dung [dry wt]). The toxicity in fresh and formulated dung differed by a factor of between 1.1 and 4. The comparison with literature data on toxic effects of these substances on dung beetles in the laboratory or in the field is difficult because no results for praziquantel and dicyclanil have been published so far. With the use of data from ivermectin and moxidectin, the test results are on the same order of magnitude as those known from other studies. On the basis of the experiments reported here, it is recommended that this test be standardized in an international ring test so that it can be incorporated into the risk assessment process as described in the respective international guidelines for the registration of veterinary pharmaceuticals.
机译：由于迄今为止尚无标准化的测试方法，因此严重阻碍了对甲虫兽药的环境风险评估。因此，对温带甲虫物种Aphodius constans进行了测试。暴露于代表不同治疗方案，作用方式和作用水平的四种兽用寄生虫药物（伊维菌素，莫西菌素，双环戊尼和吡喹酮）后，确定甲虫幼虫的存活率。该测试在实验室中进行（持续三周），使用新鲜的粪便，以及配制的（干燥，研磨和重新湿润的）粪便作为测试底物（即，至少进行一次范围测试，每种药物进行两次确定性测试） 。伊维菌素是最有毒的物质（每公斤粪干重[mg as / kg粪便（干重）]的致命浓度中位数[LC50] = 0.88-0.98 mg活性物质，其次是二环戊腈（LC50 = 1.5-6.0 mg as /公斤粪便（干重）和莫昔克丁（LC50 = 4.0-5.4 mg as / kg粪便（干重）），而吡喹酮显示出极低的毒性（LC50> 1,000 mg as / kg粪便（干重））。新鲜和配制的粪便相差1.1到4之间。与这些物质在实验室或野外对甲虫的毒性作用的文献数据进行比较是困难的，因为到目前为止尚未公布吡喹酮和双环酮的结果。利用伊维菌素和莫昔克丁的数据，测试结果与其他研究已知的结果处于相同的数量级，根据此处报告的实验，建议将该测试标准化为国际环形测试，以便可以将其纳入风险评估人员按照各自国际兽药注册指南中所述的方法进行。

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