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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc and Their Mixtures to Aquatic Insect Communities
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Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc and Their Mixtures to Aquatic Insect Communities

机译：镉，铜，镍，锌及其混合物对水生昆虫群落的生物蓄积和毒性

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We describe 2 artificial stream experiments that exposed aquatic insect communities to zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (year 2014) and to Zn, Cu, and nickel (year 2015). The testing strategy was to concurrently expose insect communities to single metals and mixtures. Single-metal tests were repeated to evaluate the reproducibility of the methods and year-to-year variability. Metals were strongly accumulated in sediments, periphyton, and insect (caddisfly) tissues, with the highest concentrations occurring in periphyton. Sensitive mayflies declined in metal treatments, and effect concentrations could be predicted effectively from metal concentrations in either periphyton or water. Most responses were similar in the replicated tests, but median effect concentration values for the mayfly Rhithrogena sp. varied 20-fold between the tests, emphasizing the difficulty comparing sensitivities across studies and the value of repeated testing. Relative to the single-metal responses, the toxicity of the mixtures was either approximately additive or less than additive when calculated as the product of individual responses (response addition). However, even less-than-additive relative responses were sometimes greater than responses to similar concentrations tested singly. The ternary mixtures resulted in mayfly declines at concentrations that caused no declines in the concurrent single-metal tests. When updating species-sensitivity distributions (SSDs) with these results, the mayfly responses were among the most sensitive 10th percentile of available data for all 4 metals, refuting older literature placing mayflies in the insensitive portion of metal SSDs. Testing translocated aquatic insect communities in 30-d artificial streams is an efficient approach to generate multiple species effect values under quasi-natural conditions that are relevant to natural streams. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:812-833. Published 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work, and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
机译：我们描述了两个人工水流实验，这些实验使水生昆虫群落暴露于锌（Zn），铜（Cu）和镉（2014年）以及锌，铜和镍（2015年）。测试策略是将昆虫群落同时暴露于单一金属和混合物。重复单金属测试以评估方法的可重复性和逐年变化。金属在沉积物，附生植物和昆虫（鳞翅目）组织中大量积累，其中最高浓度发生在附生植物中。金属处理中敏感的may虫数量下降，并且可以根据附生植物或水中的金属浓度有效预测效应浓度。在重复试验中，大多数反应相似，但but蝇Rhithrogena sp。的中位浓度浓度值。两次测试之间的差异是20倍，强调比较各个研究的敏感性和重复测试价值的难度。相对于单金属反应，当计算为单独反应（反应添加）的乘积时，混合物的毒性近似为加成或小于加成。但是，有时甚至不到加性的相对响应也大于对单独测试的相似浓度的响应。三元混合物在不引起同时单金属测试浓度下降的情况下导致may蝇下降。当使用这些结果更新物种敏感度分布（SSD）时，may蝇反应是所有4种金属可用数据中最敏感的第10个百分位之一，这与较早的文献将may蝇放在金属SSD的不敏感部分中的观点相抵触。在30天的人工流中测试易位水生昆虫群落是一种在与自然流相关的准自然条件下产生多种物种影响值的有效方法。 Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39：812-833。代表SETAC发布了2020年Wiley Periodicals，Inc.。本文是美国政府的工作，因此属于美国的公共领域。

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