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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >A FIELD-BASED MICROCOSM METHOD TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTED URBAN STREAM SEDIMENTS ON AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATES
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A FIELD-BASED MICROCOSM METHOD TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTED URBAN STREAM SEDIMENTS ON AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATES

机译：基于场的微尺度方法评估污染的城市底泥对水生无脊椎动物的影响

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A method using field-based microcosms was developed to determine the effects of contaminated sediments on aquatic macro invertebrates. Fine sediments from nonpolluted, moderately polluted, and severely polluted bodies of water were placed in microcosms positioned within the littoral zone of a nonpolluted wetland near Melbourne (Victoria, Australia). In three experiments, 47 taxa, including 18 Chironomidae, 6 taxa from other Diptera families, and 7 Hemiptera taxa, colonized the microcosms, mostly via eggs deposited by flying adults. The effects of sediment type on the presence and abundance of common taxa were considered statistically. Pollution levels in sediments (indexed either by a principal components analysis or by the concentration of zinc, the predominant metal) resulted in reduced occurrence and abundance of eight taxa but had no effect on another five taxa, These findings were validated with an extensive field database for the distribution of macroinvertebrates and associated concentrations of zinc in sediments from streams and wetlands in the Melbourne region. The occurrence of eight taxa and the abundance of two taxa varied at similar zinc concentrations in sediments from both the microcosms and the field. Patterns for another two species did not match the microcosm results, but these groups contained multiple species with potentially diverse responses. The present results suggest that contaminant levels in sediments probably have a direct effect on the occurrence and abundance of macroinvertebrates in bodies of water in urban areas. The microcosm method can be used to gather information regarding the effects of sediment quality on macroinvertebrates in lentic habitats, particularly for indigenous species that cannot be easily reared or tested in laboratory conditions. Because almost all macroinvertebrates in microcosms develop from eggs, the most sensitive life stages (i.e., first and second instars) are exposed to polluted sediments.
机译：开发了一种使用基于现场的微观世界的方法来确定污染的沉积物对水生大型无脊椎动物的影响。来自未污染，中度污染和重度污染的水体的细小沉积物被放置在位于墨尔本附近（维多利亚州，澳大利亚）无污染湿地沿海区域的缩影中。在三个实验中，47个分类单元（其中18个为昆虫科，6个其他双翅类科的分类单元和7个半翅目分类单元）定居在微观世界中，主要是通过成年飞行的卵沉积的。从统计学上考虑了沉积物类型对常见分类单元的存在和丰富度的影响。沉积物中的污染水平（通过主成分分析或以锌，主要金属的浓度作为指标）导致减少了八种分类单元的发生和丰度，但对另外五种分类单元没有影响。这些发现已通过广泛的现场数据库进行了验证墨尔本地区溪流和湿地沉积物中大型无脊椎动物的分布以及锌的相关浓度。来自微观世界和大地的沉积物中锌含量相似时，八个分类单元的出现和两个分类单元的丰度发生变化。另外两个物种的模式与微观结果不符，但是这些群体包含具有潜在不同反应的多个物种。目前的结果表明，沉积物中污染物的含量可能直接影响城市水体中大型无脊椎动物的发生和数量。缩影方法可用于收集有关沉积物质量对透镜状生境中大型无脊椎动物的影响的信息，尤其是对于那些在实验室条件下不易饲养或测试的本地物种而言。由于微观世界中几乎所有的大型无脊椎动物都是从卵发育而来的，因此最敏感的生命阶段（即第一龄和第二龄）暴露于受污染的沉积物。

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