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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >CONFIRMATION OF CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS USING EFFECT-DIRECTED ANALYSIS FOR COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
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CONFIRMATION OF CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS USING EFFECT-DIRECTED ANALYSIS FOR COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES

机译：使用效果定向分析对复杂环境样品进行因果关系确认

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摘要

The establishment of causal links between chemical contamination and observed ecotoxic effects of environmental samples is a major challenge in ecotoxicology. Effect-directed analysis is an approach combining fractionation with toxicity testing before chemical nontarget analysis to separate and subsequently identify toxic compounds in environmental samples. A final confirmation step in this procedure evaluates how much of the observed toxicity in the environmental sample can be attributed to the mixture of identified toxicants. The aim of the present study is to advance the methodology for the confirmation of mixtures in effect-directed analysis by using tools for the assessment of mixture toxicity accounting for unknown modes of action and heterogeneity of concentration-response curves. For this purpose, toxicants were identified in sediment extracts from two different sites. All identified compounds were tested both individually as pure compounds and in mixtures at ratios equal to those found in the sediment extracts. The observed extract toxicity was then compared with the expected combined effects calculated according to the models of concentration addition and independent action as well as with the observed toxicity of the synthetic mixture. Drawbacks of the established approach using toxic unit summation are demonstrated, and the Index of Confirmation Quality, an easy-to-read representation that allows a quantitative measure of confirmation over a range of different effect levels, is introduced.
机译：在化学污染和环境样品的观察到的生态毒性作用之间建立因果关系是生态毒理学的主要挑战。效果导向分析是一种在化学非目标分析之前将分级分离与毒性测试相结合的方法，以分离并随后鉴定环境样品中的有毒化合物。该程序中的最后一个确认步骤是评估在环境样品中观察到的毒性中，有多少可归因于已确定的毒性物质的混合物。本研究的目的是通过使用用于评估混合物毒性的工具（考虑到未知的作用方式和浓度-响应曲线的异质性），来改进在效应导向分析中混合物的确认方法。为此，在两个不同地点的沉积物提取物中鉴定出有毒物质。所有鉴定出的化合物都以纯化合物形式和混合物形式分别以与沉淀物提取物中所发现的比率进行测试。然后将观察到的提取物毒性与根据浓度增加和独立作用模型计算出的预期综合效果进行比较，并与合成混合物的观察到的毒性进行比较。证明了使用毒性单位求和的既定方法的弊端，并介绍了确认质量指数，它是一种易于阅读的表示形式，可以在一系列不同的作用水平上进行定量的确认。

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