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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >INFLUENCE OF WATER QUALITY AND AGE ON NICKEL TOXICITY TO FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS)
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INFLUENCE OF WATER QUALITY AND AGE ON NICKEL TOXICITY TO FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS)

机译：水质和年龄对镍对肥头的毒性的影响

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This research characterized the effects of water quality and organism age on the toxicity of nickel (Ni) to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to facilitate the accurate development of site-specific water-quality criteria. Nickel sulfatc hexa-hydrate (NiSO_4·6H_2O) was used as the Ni source for performing acute toxicity tests (median lethal concentration after 96-h exposure [96-h LC50]) with < 1-d-old and 28-d-old P. promelas under varying regimes of hardness, pH, alkalinity, and natural organic matter (NOM). The toxicity of Ni was inversely related to water hardness between hardness values of 20 and 150 mg/L (as CaCO_3). Below 30 mg/L alkalinity, Ni toxicity was related to alkalinity. The effect of pH was confounded by hardness and the presence of NOM. In the absence of NOM, the toxicity of Ni increased as pH increased at high hardness and alkalinity. In general, 28-d-old fish were less sensitive than <1-d-old fish to Ni. This lower sensitivity ranged from 12-fold at low hardness and alkalinity (20 and 4 mg/L, respectively) to 5-fold at high hardness and alkalinity (100 and 400 mg/L, respectively). The presence of NOM (10 mg/L as dissolved organic carbon [DOC]) reduced Ni toxicity by up to 50%, but this effect appeared to be saturated above DOC at 5 mg/L. Incubating Ni with the NOM solution from 1 to 17 days had no effect on Ni toxicity. When using multivariate analysis, the 96-h LC50 for Ni was a function of fish age, alkalinity, hardness, and NOM (96-h LC50 = -0.642 + 0.270(fish age) + 0.005(alkalinity) + 0.018(hardness) + 0.138(DOC)). When using this model, we found a strong relationship between measured and predicted 96-h LC50 values (r~2 = 0.94) throughout the treatment water qualities. The biotic ligand model (BLM) did not accurately predict Ni toxicity at high or low levels of alkalinity. Results of our research suggest that the BLM could be improved by considering NiCO_3 to be bioavailable.
机译：这项研究表征了水质和生物年龄对镍（Ni）对黑头fat鱼（Pimephales promelas）毒性的影响，以促进特定地点水质标准的准确制定。六水合硫酸镍六水合物（NiSO_4·6H_2O）被用作镍源，用于进行<1-d龄和28-d龄的急性毒性试验（暴露96h [96h LC50]后的中等致死浓度）在不同的硬度，pH，碱度和天然有机物（NOM）情况下，P。promelas。 Ni的毒性与硬度在20到150 mg / L（以CaCO_3计）之间的水硬度成反比。碱度低于30 mg / L时，Ni毒性与碱度有关。 pH值的影响被硬度和NOM的存在所混淆。在没有NOM的情况下，在高硬度和高碱度下，Ni的毒性随着pH的增加而增加。通常，28日龄的鱼类对Ni的敏感性低于1日龄的鱼类。这种较低的灵敏度范围从低硬度和碱度（分别为20和4 mg / L）的12倍到高硬度和碱度（分别为100和400 mg / L）的5倍。 NOM（10 mg / L为溶解的有机碳[DOC]）的存在可将Ni毒性降低多达50％，但在5 mg / L的DOC以上，这种作用似乎饱和。 Ni与NOM溶液孵育1至17天对Ni毒性没有影响。使用多变量分析时，Ni的96小时LC50是鱼龄，碱度，硬度和NOM的函数（96小时LC50 = -0.642 + 0.270（鱼龄）+ 0.005（碱度）+ 0.018（硬度）+ 0.138（DOC））。当使用该模型时，我们发现在整个处理水水质中，实测和预测的96 h LC50值之间的密切关系（r〜2 = 0.94）。生物配体模型（BLM）无法准确预测高或低碱度下的Ni毒性。我们的研究结果表明，可以通过考虑NiCO_3的生物利用度来改善BLM。

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