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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Aquatic risk assessment of a realistic exposure to pesticides used in bulb crops: a microcosm study.
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Aquatic risk assessment of a realistic exposure to pesticides used in bulb crops: a microcosm study.

机译：鳞茎作物实际接触农药的水生风险评估：微观研究。

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The fungicide fluazinam, the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin, and the herbicides asulam and metamitron were applied to indoor freshwater microcosms (water volume approximately 0.6 m3). The treatment regime was based on a realistic application scenario in tulip cultivation. Concentrations of each pesticide were equal to 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 2%, and 5% spray drift emission of label-recommended rates. Contribution of compounds to the toxicity of the pesticide package was established by expressing their concentrations as fractions of toxic units. The fate of the compounds in the water, and responses of phytoplankton, zooplankton, periphyton, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, decomposition, and water quality were followed for 13 weeks. The half-lives of lambda-cyhalothrin, metamitron, and fluazinam were 1 to 2 d; that of asulam was >30 d. No consistent effects could be demonstrated for the 0.2% treatment regime that was therefore considered the no-observed-effect concentration community (NOEC). The macroinvertebrate populations of Gammarus pulex, Asellus aquaticus, and Proasellus meridianus were the most sensitive end points, followed by species of copepods and cladocerans. Responses mainly were due to lambda-cyhalothrin. The 0.5% treatment regime resulted in short-term effects. Pronounced effects were observed at the 2% and 5% treatment levels. At the end of the experiment, the macrophyte biomass that consisted of Elodea nuttallii, showed a decline at the two highest treatment levels, asulam being the causal factor (NOEC: 0.5% treatment level). Primary production was reduced at the 5% treatment level only. In our experiment, the first-tier risk assessment procedure for individual compounds was adequate for protecting sensitive populations exposed to realistic combinations of pesticides. Spray drift reduction measures seem to be efficient in protecting aquatic ecosystems in agricultural areas.
机译：氟菌灵杀菌剂，杀虫剂氟氯氰菊酯，除草剂阿苏拉姆和间米松被施用于室内淡水微观世界（水量约为0.6立方米）。处理方案基于郁金香种植中的实际应用方案。每种农药的浓度等于标签推荐比率的0％，0.2％，0.5％，2％和5％喷雾漂移排放。通过将化合物的浓度表示为毒性单位的分数，可以确定化合物对农药包装毒性的贡献。追踪这些化合物在水中的命运，以及浮游植物，浮游动物，附生植物，大型无脊椎动物，大型植物，分解和水质的响应，持续了13周。氟氯氰菊酯，间质子和氟喹嗪的半衰期为1至2天；阿苏拉姆的> 30 d。对于0.2％的治疗方案，没有一致的效果可以证明，因此被认为是未观察到的效应浓度共同体（NOEC）。 Gammarus pulex，Asellus aquaticus和Proasellus meridianus的大型无脊椎动物种群是最敏感的终点，其次是of足类和锁骨类。回应主要是由于lambda-cyhalothrin。 0.5％的治疗方案可产生短期效果。在2％和5％的治疗水平下观察到明显的效果。在实验结束时，由坚果伊乐藻（Elodea nuttallii）组成的大型植物生物量在两个最高处理水平上有所下降，其中asulam是致病因子（NOEC：0.5％处理水平）。初级生产仅在5％的处理水平下降低。在我们的实验中，对单个化合物进行的第一级风险评估程序足以保护暴露于实际农药组合中的敏感人群。减少喷雾漂移的措施似乎在保护农业地区的水生生态系统方面是有效的。

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