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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >TOXICITY OF 19 ADJUVANTS TO JUVENILE LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS (BLUEGILL SUNFISH)
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TOXICITY OF 19 ADJUVANTS TO JUVENILE LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS (BLUEGILL SUNFISH)

机译：19种佐剂对少年小PO虾的毒性（蓝鳍X鱼）

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Nineteen adjuvants, many used as surfactants for aquatic herbicide applications, were applied in static bioassay to bluegill sunfish (Lepnmis macrochirus) for 96 h to determine median lethal concentrations (LC50). Surfactants are added to the tank mix as a percentage (v/v) of the total volume, in contrast to herbicide application rates, which are usually expressed in kilograms per hectare. Two ethoxylated tallow amine products were the most toxic, having LC50 values of 1.6 and 2.9 ppm (all values v/v). Seven alcohol/glycol-based surfactants had 96-h LC50 values of 4.0 to 11.6 ppm (mean = 7.9 ppm). The polysiloxane- or silicone-bascd surfactants had toxicities of 18.1 to 29.7 ppm (mean = 24.7). Two limonene-based products had LC50 values of 10.2 and 30.2 ppm. A methylated seed oil with emulsifier had a LC50 of 53.1 ppm. Two acid/buffer utility adjuvants had LC50 values of 60.8 and 221 ppm. To compare the relative safety of the tested surfactants, we assumed maximum label rate applications to 1 m deep water with uniform mixing. This comparison of relative safety is based on mortality to 50% of the test organisms and does not imply application rates that would not result in any mortality. The two ethoxylated tallow amines, neither used or recommended for aquatic applications, had a relative safety factor of 12.6 or less. Relative safety factor varied from 6.2 to 20.4 for the seven alcohol/glycol surfactants, 38.4 to 63.2 for silicone-based products, 5.5 to 16.1 for limonene products, 113 for methylated seed oil, and 132.2 to 315.7 for acid/buffer utility adjuvants. When used according to label recommendations under normal use conditions, these adjuvants should not be present in acutely toxic concentrations; however, the most toxic adjuvants in very shallow water (<10 cm) would be toxic to bluegill sunfish that did not move to deeper water to avoid lethal concentrations.
机译：在静态生物测定中，将十九种佐剂（许多用作水生除草剂的表面活性剂）用于蓝blue翻车鱼（Lepnmis macrochirus）96小时以测定中位致死浓度（LC50）。与除草剂的施用量相比，表面活性剂以占总体积的百分比（v / v）的形式添加到桶混物中，而除草剂的施用量通常以千克/公顷表示。两种乙氧基化牛脂胺产品的毒性最高，LC50值为1.6和2.9 ppm（所有值v / v）。七种基于乙醇/乙二醇的表面活性剂的96小时LC50值为4.0至11.6 ppm（平均值= 7.9 ppm）。聚硅氧烷或硅氧烷基表面活性剂的毒性为18.1至29.7 ppm（平均值= 24.7）。两种基于mon烯的产品的LC50值为10.2和30.2 ppm。使用乳化剂的甲基化种子油的LC50为53.1 ppm。两种酸/缓冲剂辅助剂的LC50值为60.8和221 ppm。为了比较测试的表面活性剂的相对安全性，我们假设在1 m深的水中均匀混合下可以达到最大标记率。相对安全性的比较是基于测试生物体50％的死亡率，并不意味着施用率不会导致任何死亡率。两种乙氧基化牛脂胺均未使用或不建议用于水产应用，其相对安全系数为12.6或更小。七种醇/二醇表面活性剂的相对安全系数从6.2到20.4，硅酮基产品的相对安全系数从38.4到63.2，柠檬烯产品的相对安全系数从5.5到16.1，甲基化种子油为113，酸/缓冲剂助剂为132.2到315.7。当在正常使用条件下根据标签建议使用时，这些佐剂不应以剧毒浓度存在。但是，在非常浅的水中（<10厘米），最具毒性的佐剂会对蓝blue翻车鱼有毒，后者不会移至更深的水中以避免致死浓度。

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