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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >PHOTOENHANCED TOXICITY OF AQUEOUS PHASE AND CHEMICALLY DISPERSED WEATHERED ALASKA NORTH SLOPE CRUDE OIL TO PACIFIC HERRING EGGS AND LARVAE
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PHOTOENHANCED TOXICITY OF AQUEOUS PHASE AND CHEMICALLY DISPERSED WEATHERED ALASKA NORTH SLOPE CRUDE OIL TO PACIFIC HERRING EGGS AND LARVAE

机译：水相和化学分散的风化阿拉斯加北坡原油对太平洋鲱鱼卵和幼虫的光增强毒性

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The photoenhanced toxicity of weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANS) was investigated in the eggs and larvae of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) with and without the chemical dispersant Corexit~(~R) 9527. Oil alone was acutely toxic to larvae at aqueous concentrations below 50 μg/L total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (tPAH), and median lethal (LC50s) and effective concentrations (EC50s) decreased with time after initial oil exposure. Brief exposure to sunlight (～2.5 h/d for 2 d) significantly increased toxicily 1.5- to 48-fold over control lighting. Photoenhanced toxicity only occurred when oil was present in larval tissue and increased with increasing tPAH concentration in tissue. Ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) treatments were less potent than natural sunlight, and UVA + sunlight caused greater toxicity than sunlight alone. The toxicity of chemically dispersed oil was similar to oil alone in control and UVA treatments, but oil + dispersant was significantly more toxic in the sunlight treatments. The chemical dispersant appeared to accelerate PAH dissolution into the aqueous phase, resulting in more rapid toxicity. In oil + dispersant exposures, the 96-h no-observed-effect concentrations in the UVA + sunlight treatment were 0.2 μg/L tPAH and 0.01 μg/g tPAH. Exposure of herring eggs to oil caused yolk sac edema, but eggs were not exposed to sun and UVA treatment did not cause phototoxicity. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that weathered ANS is phototoxic and that UV can be a significant and causative factor in the mortality of early life stages of herring exposed to oil and chemically dispersed oil.
机译：研究了风化的阿拉斯加北坡原油（ANS）在有和没有化学分散剂Corexit〜（〜R）9527的太平洋鲱（Clupea pallasi）的卵和幼虫中的光增强毒性。初次接触石油后，总浓度低于50μg/ L的总多环芳烃（tPAH），中值致死性（LC50s）和有效浓度（EC50s）随时间降低。短暂暴露于阳光下（〜2.5 h / d，持续2 d），毒性比对照照明明显增加1.5到48倍。光增强毒性仅在幼虫组织中存在油且随组织中tPAH浓度增加而增加时发生。紫外线A（UVA）处理的效果不如自然阳光强，并且UVA +阳光比单独的阳光引起更大的毒性。化学分散油的毒性与对照和UVA处理中的油相似，但油+分散剂在日光处理中的毒性更大。化学分散剂似乎促进了PAH溶解到水相中，从而导致了更快的毒性。在油和分散剂的暴露中，UVA +日光处理的96小时未观察到的浓度为0.2μg/ L tPAH和0.01μg/ g tPAH。鲱鱼卵与油接触会引起卵黄囊浮肿，但卵未暴露在阳光下，UVA处理未引起光毒性。这些结果与以下假设相符：风化的ANS具有光毒性，并且UV可能是暴露于油和化学分散油的鲱鱼生命早期阶段死亡率的重要因素。

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