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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >USE OF RODEO~® AND X-77~® SPREADER TO CONTROL SMOOTH CORDGRASS (SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA) IN A SOUTHWESTERN WASHINGTON ESTUARY: 2. EFFECTS ON BENTHIC MICROFLORA AND INVERTEBRATES
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USE OF RODEO~® AND X-77~® SPREADER TO CONTROL SMOOTH CORDGRASS (SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA) IN A SOUTHWESTERN WASHINGTON ESTUARY: 2. EFFECTS ON BENTHIC MICROFLORA AND INVERTEBRATES

机译：在西南华盛顿河口使用RODEO〜®和X-77〜®撒布机控制平滑线虫（SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA）：2.对底栖微叶和无脊椎动物的影响

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In August 1992, we conducted an intensive short-term (within 119 d) experiment in southern Willapa Bay, Washington, to evaluate the potential effects on mudflat benthic communities of herbicide control of smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora Loisel. A mixture of glyphosate (Rodeo~®; 4.7 L ha~(-1)) and an associated surfactant, alkylarylpolyoxyethylene (AAPOE, X-77~® Spreader; 1 L ha~(-1)) was applied aerially to three mudflat sites with invasive S. alterniflora. Sediment structure (grain size), edaphic microalgal biomass (chlorophyll a), and densities of benthic and epibenthic meiofauna and benthic macrofauna were sampled systematically in treated and adjacent control (untreated) plots 1 d before, immediately after, and 1, 14, 28 and 119 d after spraying. These mudflat biota showed no definitive differences in population trends that would indicate acute responses to the herbicide and surfactant applications over the 119-d duration of the experiment. Two-way ANOVA tests of differences in slope of linear regressions of mean plot microalgal biomass and invertebrate density of 19 taxa groups or species testing short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (17 weeks) trends in response to the experimental treatment tests indicated no significant (p < 0.1) treatment and only three site effects. Natural variability in the standing stocks (in the case of benthic microalgae) or densities (invertebrates) of most of the 19 indicator taxa prior to spray application was sufficiently high within and between treatment and control plots and among sites to preclude strong inferential tests of acute effects. Although differences in mudflat habitats (e.g., tidal elevation, sediment structure) inherent in the sites prior to treatment affect the power of our ability to test direct effects, there were no indications of either short- or long-term effects on the mudflat community of aerially applying this concentration of herbicide and surfactant. This study did not explicitly address either sublethal or indirect ecological effects, such as associated with an observed decrease in the exotic eelgrass Zostera japonica, which might appear as a longer-term, more subtle response by the mudflat community.
机译：1992年8月，我们在华盛顿南部的Willapa湾进行了一次密集的短期试验（119 d内），以评估除草剂光滑无绳草（Spartina alterniflora Loisel）对除草底栖动物群落的潜在影响。草甘膦（Rodeo®; 4.7 L ha〜（-1））和相关表面活性剂烷基芳基聚氧乙烯（AAPOE，X-77®Spreader; 1 L ha〜（-1））的混合物被空中施用于三个泥滩与侵袭性互花米草。在处理过的和相邻的对照（未处理）样地1 d之前，之后和1、4、14和28之前，系统地采样了沉积物结构（粒度），深层微藻生物量（叶绿素a）以及底栖和表皮动物动物和底栖大型动物的密度。喷雾后119 d。这些泥滩生物区系没有显示出种群趋势的确定差异，这表明在实验的119天中对除草剂和表面活性剂的施用有急性反应。对19种分类群或物种的平均分布微藻生物量和无脊椎动物密度的线性回归斜率的差异进行双向ANOVA测试，以响应实验治疗测试的短期（2周）和长期（17周）趋势表明没有明显的治疗效果（p <0.1），只有三个部位作用。喷施之前，在19个指示生物群中，大多数站立种群（对于底栖微藻而言）或密度（无脊椎动物）的自然变异性足够高，以至于在处理和对照地块之间以及地点之间以及地点之间都没有足够的自然变化，因此无法对急性效果。尽管治疗前遗址内固有的滩涂生境差异（例如潮汐高度，沉积物结构）会影响我们测试直接影响能力的力量，但没有迹象表明对滩涂社区的短期或长期影响空中施用这种浓度的除草剂和表面活性剂。这项研究没有明确解决亚致死性或间接的生态影响，例如与观察到的外来的鳗草日本带叶锦鸡儿减少有关，这可能是泥滩社区的长期，更微妙的反应。

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