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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >EFFECTS OF THE INSECTICIDE DURSBAN~® 4E (ACTIVE INGREDIENT CHLORPYRIFOS) IN OUTDOOR EXPERIMENTAL DITCHES: Ⅰ. COMPARISON OF SHORT-TERM TOXICITY BETWEEN THE LABORATORY AND THE FIELD
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EFFECTS OF THE INSECTICIDE DURSBAN~® 4E (ACTIVE INGREDIENT CHLORPYRIFOS) IN OUTDOOR EXPERIMENTAL DITCHES: Ⅰ. COMPARISON OF SHORT-TERM TOXICITY BETWEEN THE LABORATORY AND THE FIELD

机译：DURSBAN〜®4E杀虫剂（活性成分氯霉素）在户外实验沟中的作用：Ⅰ。实验室与现场短期毒性的比较

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Using the insecticide Dursban~® 4E (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) as the test compound, results of laboratory acute single-species toxicity tests with indigenous and standard test species were compared with short-term direct effects in outdoor experimental ditches (mesocosms). In the mesocosms a regression experiment was performed with nominal initial chlorpyrifos concentrations of 0.1, 0.9, 6, and 44 μg/L. The mesocosms were sprayed once. Effects were investigated by sampling macroinvertebrates and zooplankton and by doing in situ cage experiments with several species. Chlorpyrifos concentrations showed highest spatial and temporal variation within 2 d of treatment. Acute effects were observed on arthropods only and essentially were manifest on day 0. Short-term direct effects in the mesocosms could be quantified by a regression method for seven of 120 species. For these species, 48- and 96-h median effective concentrations (EC50s) ranged from 0.1 to 3.4 μg/L and were in the same order of magnitude as their laboratory EC50s. Susceptibility of the most sensitive standard test species (Daphnia magna; 48-h median lethal concentration [LC50], 1 μg/L) was more or less representative of susceptible indigenous species. In the mesocosms effects were negligible at the 0.1-μg/L treatment level. A safety factor of 0.1 (48-h LC50 of Daphnia magna) may have protected almost all of the species in the community in the mesocosms against short-term direct effects. A safety factor of 0.01 probably protected the most susceptible taxa we found (laboratory 96-h EC10 for Gammarus pulex, 0.02 μg/L; no-observed-effect concentration for Copepoda, <0.1 μg/L). The question remains, however, of whether long-term (in)direct effects on the populations or the community may occur at the 0.1-μg/L treatment level.
机译：使用杀虫剂Dursban〜®4E（有效成分毒死rif）作为测试化合物，将本地和标准测试物种的实验室急性单种毒性测试结果与室外实验沟渠（中膜）的短期直接影响进行了比较。在中膜的回归实验中，毒死nominal的初始标称浓度为0.1、0.9、6和44μg/ L。中膜喷雾一次。通过取样大型无脊椎动物和浮游动物以及对几种物种进行原位网箱实验来研究其影响。毒死rif浓度在治疗2天内显示出最高的时空变化。仅在节肢动物上观察到了急性作用，基本上在第0天就表现出来了。中膜的短期直接作用可以通过回归方法对120种中的7种进行量化。对于这些物种，48小时和96小时的中位有效浓度（EC50）在0.1至3.4μg/ L之间，并且与实验室EC50处于相同的数量级。最敏感的标准测试物种（水蚤（Daphnia magna）； 48小时平均致死浓度[LC50]，1μg/ L）的敏感性或多或少代表了易感的土著物种。在中观范围内，在0.1-μg/ L的处理水平下效果可忽略不计。安全系数0.1（大型蚤（Daphnia magna）的48小时LC50）可能已经保护了中型空间群中的几乎所有物种免受短期直接影响。安全系数0.01可能会保护我们发现的最易感的类群（对于γ-粉虱的实验室96-h EC10，0.02μg/ L；对pe足类动物的未观察到的浓度，<0.1μg/ L）。但是，在0.1微克/升的治疗水平下是否会对人群或社区产生长期（间接）影响，仍然是一个问题。

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