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Cascading Ecological Impacts of Fullerenes in Freshwater Ecosystems

机译：富勒烯在淡水生态系统中的生态影响

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Carbonaceous nanomaterials, such as fullerenes (C60, C70) and the derivative phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), have promising application in solar energy technologies. Although the acute ecotoxicity of C60 has been reported widely in the literature, ecotoxicity assays for different fullerene forms and broader ecosystem impact studies remain scarce. To address these knowledge gaps, acute, chronic, and life stage exposure studies with freshwater zooplankton, Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex, were performed for each material. Experimental results indicated that C60 and PCBM are not acutely toxic at estimated environmentally relevant concentrations; however, C70 had significant acute effects. All forms of fullerene caused a gradual elevation in heart rate over time and visual darkening of the Daphnia spp. carapace. The impact of fullerenes on susceptibility to predation was then assessed experimentally by presenting D. pulex to the visual predator Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill). Predation risk was significantly increased in fullerene-exposed D. pulex. The present study underscores the need to broaden the scope of traditional ecotoxicity for emerging materials: studies are required that evaluate portfolios of related nanomaterials and that capture chronic and cascading ecosystem-level effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1714-1723. (c) 2019 SETAC
机译：碳质纳米材料，如富勒烯（C60，C70）和衍生物苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯（PCBM），在太阳能技术方面具有很有希望的应用。虽然C60的急性生态毒性在文献中众所周知，但不同富勒烯形式的生态毒性测定和更广泛的生态系统影响研究仍然稀缺。为了解决这些知识差距，对每种材料进行淡水浮游植物，Daphnia Magna和Daphnia Pulex的急性，慢性和生命阶段接触研究。实验结果表明，C60和PCBM在估计的环境相关浓度下不敏感;然而，C70具有显着的急性效果。所有形式的富勒烯在Daphnia SPP的时间和视觉变暗中导致心​​率逐渐提升。甲壳。通过将D. Pulex呈现给视觉捕食者Lepomis Macrochirus（Bluegill），通过将D. Pulex评估为实验评估富勒烯对捕食敏感性的影响。富勒烯暴露的D. Pulex中捕食风险显着增加。目前的研究强调了扩大新出现的材料的传统生态毒性范围的必要性：需要研究相关纳米材料的组合，并捕获慢性和级联生态系统级别效应。环境毒素化学2019; 38：1714-1723。 （c）2019 Setac

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