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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Dermal Fungicide Exposure at Realistic Field Rates Induces Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Juvenile European Common Frogs (Rana temporaria)
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Dermal Fungicide Exposure at Realistic Field Rates Induces Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Juvenile European Common Frogs (Rana temporaria)

机译：现实野外速率下的皮肤杀菌剂暴露会导致少年欧洲共同青蛙（Rana Temporaria）的致命和核对效果

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摘要

Viticulture is one of the most pesticide-intensive agricultures in Europe, leading to a spatiotemporal overlap of amphibian migration and pesticide applications. Because postmetamorphic, terrestrial amphibian stages are mostly neglected in ecotoxicological studies, we investigated acute effects of viticultural fungicides on juvenile common frogs (Rana temporaria). Tadpoles from an uncontaminated pond were placed in enclosures in 8 ponds with an increasing degree of pesticide contamination in southwest Germany to represent different aquatic exposure backgrounds. After metamorphosis, juveniles were exposed to soil contaminated with 50% of the recommended field rates of the fungicides Folpan (R) 80 water dispersible granule (WDG) and Folpan (R) 500 suspension concentrate with the same amount of folpet as active ingredient and differing additives. After 48 h, effects on the survival, body mass, and behavior were investigated. No effect of the aquatic exposure background on terrestrial sensitivity could be detected. Acute terrestrial exposure led to mean mortality rates of 14% (13-17%, suspension concentrate) and 60% (17-100%, WDG) and resulted in adverse effects on locomotor activity as well as feeding behavior. Moreover, the results suggest that the toxicity of the 2 tested folpet formulations depends on their additives. Because the identified effects may result in severe impairments and thus in declines of amphibian populations, a more protective risk assessment of pesticides is needed for postmetamorphic amphibians to ensure proper conservation of amphibian populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;00:1-9. (c) 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
机译：葡萄栽培是欧洲最农药密集的农业之一，导致两栖迁移和农药应用的时空重叠。因为后殖民地，陆地两栖阶段在生态毒理学研究中忽略了忽视，我们研究了幼王常见青蛙（Rana Temporaria）对葡萄栽毒杀菌剂的急性作用。来自未受污染的池塘的蝌蚪被放置在8个池塘的围栏中，德国西南部的农药污染程度越来越多，以代表不同的水生暴露背景。变态后，幼虫暴露于污染物的推荐场率的50％的土壤暴露于土壤，其中杀菌剂80个水分散性颗粒（WDG）和Folpan（R）500悬浮液浓缩物，其与活性成分相同的裂缝和不同添加剂。 48小时后，研究了对生存，体重和行为的影响。可以检测到水生暴露背景对陆地敏感性的影响。急性陆地暴露导致14％（13-17％，悬浮浓缩物）和60％（17-100％，WDG）的死亡率，导致对运动活性的不利影响以及饲养行为。此外，结果表明，2所测试的FORPET配方的毒性取决于它们的添加剂。由于确定的效果可能导致严重的损伤，因此在两栖群体下降中，骨折两栖动物需要更加保护的农药风险评估，以确保适当地保护两栖群体。环境毒素化学2021; 00：1-9。 （c）2020作者。 Wiley期刊LLC代表Setac的环境毒理学和化学。

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