Development of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Ecological Risk-Based Screening Levels

Zodrow Jeanmarie M.; Frenchmeyer Meredith; Dally Kaitlyn; Osborn Erin; Anderson Paul; Divine Craig

摘要

Evaluation of chemical risks to threatened and endangered species is a requirement for Superfund ecological risk assessments; however, screening levels to evaluate the potential for toxicity associated with ecological receptor exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are lacking. Therefore, PFAS risk-based screening levels (RBSLs) were developed. Wildlife RBSLs were developed using surrogate receptors selected to be representative of threatened and endangered species with different habitat types, feeding guilds, and trophic levels. Published uptake and toxicity data were combined with receptor exposure factors to derive RBSLs for terrestrial and aquatic wildlife for several PFAS, including perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, and pentafluorobenzoic acid. Uptake information for surrogate PFAS were considered to calculate RBSLs for PFAS with toxicity data and insufficient bioaccumulation data to develop an RBSL. Both no-observed-adverse effect level (NOAEL)- and lowest-observed-adverse effect level-based wildlife RBSLs were calculated to allow for a range of risk estimates appropriate to individual threatened and endangered species and populations of nonlisted wildlife receptors, respectively. Recommended water quality RBSLs protective of aquatic life were developed for 23 PFAS based on published literature reviews and peer-reviewed aquatic toxicity studies and Great Lakes Initiative methodology. For wildlife receptors, NOAEL RBSLs ranged from to 0.013 to 340 mg/kg for soil, 0.0014 to 370 mg/kg for sediment, and 0.000075 to 1600 mg/L for surface water. For aquatic life, chronic RBSLs ranged from 0.00022 to 3.4 mg/L. For terrestrial plants and soil invertebrates, the no-observed-effect concentration screening levels range from 0.084 to 642 mg/kg and from 1 to 50 mg/kg, respectively. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:921-936. (c) 2020 SETAC

机译：对威胁和濒危物种的化学风险评估是超级资源生态风险评估的要求;然而，缺乏评估与生态受体与生态受体接触（PFAs）相关的毒性潜在（PFAs）的筛选水平。因此，开发了基于PFA的基于风险的筛查水平（RBSL）。野生动物RBSL是使用选定的替代受体制定的，以代表具有不同的栖息地类型，喂养公会和营养水平的威胁和濒危物种。出版的摄取和毒性数据与受体暴露因子相结合，以导出用于几种PFA的陆地和水生野生动物的RBSL，包括全氟硅酸，全氟辛酸，全氟辛酸，全氟辛酸，全氟丁酸和五氟苯甲酸。考虑使用替代PFA的摄取信息，用于计算具有毒性数据的PFA的RBSL，并且生物积累数据不足以开发RBSL。计算既不观察到的不利影响水平（NoaEL）和最低观察到的不利影响水平的野生动物RBSL也被计算出允许一系列适合各自受威胁和濒危物种和非标利野生动物受体的群体的风险估计。根据发表的文献审查和对同行评审水生毒性研究和大湖倡议方法，建议为23个PFA制定了建议的水质水生生物的保护性。对于野生动物受体，NOAEL RBSL用于土壤的0.013至340毫克/千克，沉积物为0.0014至370mg / kg，表面水为0.000075至1600 mg / L.对于水生寿命，慢性RBSL范围为0.00022至3.4 mg / L.对于陆生植物和土壤无脊椎动物，无观察到的效应浓度筛选水平范围为0.084至642mg / kg和1至50mg / kg。环境毒素化学2021; 40：921-936。（c）2020 Setac

Development of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Ecological Risk-Based Screening Levels

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