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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Spatiotemporal Distribution of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Spiked‐Sediment Toxicity Tests: Measuring Total and Freely Dissolved Concentrations in Porewater and Overlying Water
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Spatiotemporal Distribution of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Spiked‐Sediment Toxicity Tests: Measuring Total and Freely Dissolved Concentrations in Porewater and Overlying Water

机译：尖刺沉积物毒性试验中疏水性有机污染物的时空分布：测量孔水和覆盖水中的总和自由溶解浓度

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摘要

The sediment-water interface of spiked-sediment toxicity tests is a complex exposure system, where multiple uptake pathways exist for benthic organisms. The freely dissolved concentration (C-free) in sediment porewater has been proposed as a relevant exposure metric to hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in this system. However, C-free has rarely been measured in spiked-sediment toxicity tests. We first developed a direct immersion solid-phase microextraction method for measuring C-free in overlying water and porewater in a sediment test using polydimethylsiloxane-coated glass fibers, resulting in sensitive and repeatable in situ measurements of HOCs. Then, we measured C-free and total dissolved concentrations (C-diss) in the sediment test systems with the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca and thoroughly evaluated the temporal and spatial profiles of four HOCs (phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and chlorpyrifos). Furthermore, we examined the relationship between the measured concentrations and the lethality of H. azteca. We found that the test system was far from an equilibrium state for all four chemicals tested, where C-diss in overlying water changed over the test duration and a vertical C-free gradient existed at the sediment-water interface. In porewater C-diss was larger than C-free by a factor of 170 to 220 for benzo[a]pyrene because of the strong binding to dissolved organic carbon. Comparison of the median lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos in the sediment test and those in water-only tests indicates that C-free in porewater was the most representative indicator for toxicity of this chemical. The method and findings presented in the present study warrant further research on the chemical transport mechanisms and the actual exposure in sediment tests using different chemicals, sediments, and test species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;00:1-11. (c) 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
机译：尖刺沉积物毒性试验的沉积水界面是一种复杂的暴露系统，其中存在对底栖生物的多种摄取途径。已经提出了沉积物沉淀物中的自由溶解浓度​​（无C-）作为该系统中疏水有机污染物（HOC）的相关曝光度量。然而，在Spiked沉积物毒性测试中很少测量无C。我们首先开发了一种直接的浸渍固相微萃取方法，用于使用聚二甲基硅氧烷涂覆的玻璃纤维测量覆盖水中的无覆水和沉积物中的沉淀物试验，导致Hoc的敏感和可重复的。然后，我们在沉积物测试系统中测量了无C-和总溶解的浓度（C-incl），用淡水Amphipod hyalella azteca彻底评估了四个Hocs的时间和空间谱（菲苯乙烯，苯并[a]芘和紫外线）。此外，我们检查了测量浓度与H. azteca的致死性之间的关系。我们发现测试系统远离所有测试的所有四种化学品的平衡状态，其中在沉积物界面处存在覆盖水中的C-incl在测试持续时间内变化，并且在沉积物 - 水界面处存在垂直的无C梯度。对于苯并[a]芘的沉淀水，C溶液大于170至220的无关，因为溶解有机碳的强粘合强。比较沉积物试验中紫外致死浓度的比较和水仅在水中试验表明沉积物中的无C.对于这种化学品的毒性最具代表性的指标。本研究中提出的方法和结果需要进一步研究化学传输机制和使用不同化学品，沉积物和试验物种的沉积物试验中的实际暴露。环境毒素化学2021; 00：1-11。 （c）2021作者。 Wiley期刊LLC代表Setac出版的环境毒理学和化学。

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