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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Investigation of a New Passive Sampler for the Detection of Munitions Compounds in Marine and Freshwater Systems
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Investigation of a New Passive Sampler for the Detection of Munitions Compounds in Marine and Freshwater Systems

机译：用于检测海洋和淡水系统中弹药化合物的新型无源采样器的研究

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Over the last century, unexploded ordnances have been disposed of in marine shelf systems because of a lack of cost-effective alternatives. Underwater unexploded ordnances have the potential to leak 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), commonly used chemical munitions, and contaminate local waters, biota, and sediments. The rate at which this contamination occurs in the environment is relatively unknown, and the cost- and time-prohibitive nature of sampling across sites makes mapping difficult. In the present study we assessed the efficacy of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) for sampling relatively soluble munitions compounds over a range of environmental conditions (i.e., changes in temperature and salinity) and optimized the composition of the passive sampling polymer. The EVA sampler was able to successfully detect ambient concentrations of lingering munitions compounds from field sites containing unexploded ordnances. The sampler affinity for the munitions in terms of an EVA-water partition coefficient was greater than the standard octanol water values for each target compound. Partitioning of compounds onto EVA over the natural ranges of salinity did not change significantly, although uptake varied consistently and predictably with temperature. Increasing the vinyl acetate to ethylene ratio of the polymer corresponded to an increase in uptake capacity, consistent with enhanced dipole-dipole interactions between the munitions and the polymer. This sampler provides a cost-effective means to map and track leakage of unexploded ordnances both spatially and temporally. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1990-1997. (c) 2018 SETAC
机译：在上个世纪，由于缺乏具有成本效益的替代品，未爆炸弹药已被丢弃在海上货架系统中。水下未爆炸弹药有可能泄漏常用的化学弹药2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）和1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪（RDX），并污染当地水域，生物区系，和沉积物。在环境中这种污染的发生率还相对未知，而且跨站点采样的成本和时间限制性质使其难以绘制。在本研究中，我们评估了乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）在一定范围的环境条件（即温度和盐度变化）下对相对易溶的军需品化合物进行采样的功效，并优化了被动采样聚合物的组成。 EVA采样器能够成功地从含有未爆炸弹药的野外现场检测出挥之不去的弹药化合物的环境浓度。进样器对弹药的亲和力以EVA-水分配系数表示，大于每种目标化合物的标准辛醇水值。尽管摄取量随温度变化一致且可预测，但在盐度的自然范围内，化合物在EVA上的分配没有明显变化。增加聚合物中乙酸乙烯酯与乙烯的比例对应于吸收能力的提高，这与弹药和聚合物之间的偶极-偶极相互作用增强有关。该采样器提供了一种经济有效的方法，可以在空间和时间上映射和跟踪未爆炸弹药的泄漏。 Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37：1990-1997。 （c）2018年SETAC

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