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The work compatibility improvement framework: an integrated perspective of the human-at-work system

机译：工作兼容性改进框架：工作人员系统的集成视角

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The industrial revolution demonstrated the limitations of a pure mechanistic approach towards work design. Human work is now seen as a complex entity that involves different scientific branches and blurs the line between mental and physical activities. Job design has been a traditional concern of applied psychology, which has provided insight into the interaction between the individual and the work environment.The goal of this paper is to introduce the human-at-work system as a holistic approach to organizational design. It postulates that the well-being of workers and work outcomes are issues that need to be addressed jointly, moving beyond traditional concepts of job satisfaction and work stress. The work compatibility model (WCM) is introduced as an engineering approach that seeks to integrate previous constructs of job and organizational design. The WCM seeks a balance between energy expenditure and replenishment. The implementation of the WCM in industrial settings is described within the context of the Work Compatibility Improvement Framework.A sample review of six models (motivation-hygiene theory; job characteristics theory; person-environment fit; demand-control model; and balance theory) provides the foundation for the interaction between the individual and the work environment. A review of three workload assessment methods (position analysis questionnaire, job task analysis and NASA task load index) gives an example of the foundation for the taxonomy of work environment domains. Previous models have sought to identify a balance state for the human-at-work system. They differentiated between the objective and subjective effects of the environment and the worker. An imbalance between the person and the environment has been proven to increase health risks.The WCM works with a taxonomy of 12 work domains classified in terms of the direct (acting) or indirect (experienced) effect on the worker. In terms of measurement, two quantitative methods are proposed to measure the state of the system. The first method introduced by Abdallah et al. (2004) identifies operating zones. The second method introduced by Salem et al. (2006) identifies the distribution of the work elements on the x/y coordinate plane. While previous efforts have identified some relevant elements of the systems, they failed to provide a holistic, quantitative approach combining organizational and human factors into a common framework. It is postulated that improving the well-being of workers will simultaneously improve organizational outcomes. The WCM moves beyond previous models by providing a hierarchical structure of work domains and a combination of methods to diagnose any organizational setting.The WCM is an attempt to achieve organizational excellence in human resource management, moving beyond job design to an integrated improvement strategy. A joint approach to organizational and job design will not only result in decreased prevalence of health risks, but in enhanced organizational effectiveness as well. The implementation of the WCM, that is, the Work Compatibility Improvement Framework, provides the basis for integrating different elements of the work environment into a single reliable construct. An improvement framework is essential to ensure that the measures of the WCM result in a system that is adaptive and self-regulated.
机译：工业革命证明了纯机械方法进行工作设计的局限性。现在，人类工作被视为一个复杂的实体，涉及不同的科学分支，并且模糊了心理和身体活动之间的界限。作业设计一直是应用心理学的传统关注点，它提供了对个人与工作环境之间相互作用的洞察力。本文的目的是引入人在工作系统作为组织设计的整体方法。它假定工人的福利和工作成果是需要共同解决的问题，超越了传统的工作满意度和工作压力概念。工作兼容性模型（WCM）是作为一种工程方法引入的，旨在整合以前的工作和组织设计结构。 WCM在能源支出和补给之间寻求平衡。在工作兼容性改善框架的背景下描述了WCM在工业环境中的实施情况，对六个模型（动机-卫生理论，工作特征理论，人与环境的契合度，需求控制模型和平衡理论）进行了示例回顾为个人与工作环境之间的交互提供了基础。对三种工作量评估方法（职位分析问卷，工作任务分析和NASA任务负荷指数）的回顾提供了工作环境域分类法基础的示例。先前的模型试图确定工作人员系统的平衡状态。他们区分了环境和工人的客观和主观效果。人与环境之间的不平衡已被证明会增加健康风险。WCM使用12种工作领域的分类法，按照对工人的直接（作用）或间接（经验）影响进行分类。在测量方面，提出了两种定量方法来测量系统状态。 Abdallah等人介绍的第一种方法。 （2004年）确定操作区域。 Salem等人介绍的第二种方法。 （2006年）确定工作元素在x / y坐标平面上的分布。尽管先前的努力已经确定了系统的一些相关要素，但他们未能提供将组织和人为因素整合为一个通用框架的整体，定量方法。假定改善工人的福利将同时改善组织成果。 WCM通过提供工作域的层次结构和多种方法来诊断任何组织环境，从而超越了先前的模型。WCM试图在人力资源管理中实现组织卓越，从工作设计转向综合改进策略。组织和工作设计的联合方法不仅会降低健康风险的患病率，而且还会提高组织的有效性。 WCM的实施，即工作兼容性改进框架，为将工作环境的不同要素集成到一个可靠的结构中提供了基础。改进框架对于确保WCM的措施所产生的系统具有自适应性和自我调节性至关重要。

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