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Effects of substrata and environmental conditions on ecological succession on historic shipwrecks

机译：基底和环境条件对历史沉船生态演替的影响

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An understanding of the interactions between biological, chemical and physical dynamics is especially important for the adequate conservation of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. However, while physical and chemical processes are relatively well-investigated, the biological communities associated with these habitats are poorly studied. We compared the sessile community developed on panels of different materials placed on two historical shipwrecks, the Fougueux and the Bucentaure, from the Battle of Trafalgar (October 1805). Six materials used at the construction of vessels at the 18th and 19th centuries were selected: copper, brass, cast iron, carbon steel, pine and oak. The sessile community developed on the panels was studied two and 15 months after their immersion at the water to determine the effects of materials and environmental conditions (sediments, waves, hydrodynamic conditions, temperature and salinity) on ecological succession and the possible implications at the conservation of historical shipwrecks. On the Fougueux, the environmental conditions more strongly influenced the biological succession than the material type, with pioneer colonisers dominating the communities in both sampling periods. On the Bucentaure, exposed to more stable environmental conditions, the sessile community showed differences between sampling periods and among materials at the end of the experiment. Under these more stable environmental conditions, the material type showed a higher influence on the sessile community. Species that produce calcareous concretions developed on metallic panels, but were absent on wood panels, where the shipworm Teredo navalis was more abundant. The relationship between environmental conditions, sessile organisms and material type can influence the conservation status of the archaeological sites. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：了解生物，化学和物理动力学之间的相互作用对于充分保护水下文化遗产尤其重要。但是，尽管对物理和化学过程进行了充分的研究，但与这些栖息地相关的生物群落却研究不足。我们比较了由特拉法加战役（1805年10月）在两个历史沉船Fougueux和Bucentaure上放置的不同材料组成的无柄社区的发展。选择了18和19世纪用于建造船舶的六种材料：铜，黄铜，铸铁，碳钢，松木和橡木。研究小组在水中浸泡后的无柄群落在浸入水中两个月和十五个月后，研究了物质和环境条件（沉积物，波浪，水动力条件，温度和盐度）对生态演替的影响以及对保护环境的可能影响。沉船的历史。在Fougueux，环境条件对生物演替的影响比对物质类型的影响更大，先锋拓殖者在两个采样期间都主导着群落。在Bucentaure上，暴露于更稳定的环境条件下，在实验结束时，无柄群落显示出采样周期之间以及材料之间的差异。在这些更稳定的环境条件下，材料类型对无柄群落显示出更高的影响。在金属板上会产生钙质结石的物种，但在木板上则不存在，那里的ship虫Teredo navalis更为丰富。环境条件，固着生物和材料类型之间的关系会影响考古遗址的保护状况。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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