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Patterns, drivers and implications of dissolved oxygen dynamics in tropical mangrove forests

机译：热带红树林森林中溶解氧动力学的模式，驱动因素及其影响

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Estuarine mangrove forests regulate and facilitate many ecological processes, and provide nursery ground for many commercially important species. However, mangroves grow in sediments with high carbon loading and high respiration rates which can potentially influencing the dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics of tidal water flowing into mangrove forests, as bacteria strip DO from the incoming water to carry out metabolic functions. In turn this is likely to influence the way nekton and other aquatic organisms utilize mangrove forests. Despite these possibilities, previous work has focused on looking at DO dynamics within mangrove creeks, with little research focusing on understanding DO dynamics within the mangrove forests themselves during tidal inundation or of DO levels of pools within the forest remaining once the tide has ebbed. The present study investigates the pattern in DO at various distances within an estuarine Rhizophora stylosa forest in tropical north Queensland. DO levels were recorded at 5 min interval over 2 days and multiple tidal cycles, data were collected between 2013 and 2014 for a total of 32 tidal cycles encompassing multiples seasons and tidal amplitudes. There were substantial fluctuations in DO, often varying from normoxic to hypoxic within the same tidal cycle. A range of factors influenced DO dynamics, in particular: tidal height, amount of sunlight, tidal phase, and distance from the outer edge of the mangrove forest. In fact, spring tides tend to have high DO saturation, particularly during the flooding phase, however as the tide starts ebbing, DO depletes rapidly especially in areas further inside the forest. Moreover during tidal disconnection the remnant pools within the forest quickly became anoxic. These variations in DO suggest that the use of mangrove forests by animals is likely to be constrained by their ability to withstand low DO levels, and provides a plausible explanation for the apparent paucity of benthic organism observed inside similar mangrove forest in previous studies of South Pacific mangroves. Low DO levels coupled with low densities of benthic prey also provides a likely explanation for the limited utilisation of landwards areas of these forests by fish and other nekton. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：河口的红树林控制并促进了许多生态过程，并为许多重要的商业物种提供了苗圃。但是，红树林生长在具有高碳负荷和高呼吸速率的沉积物中，这可能会影响流入红树林的潮汐水的溶解氧（DO）动力学，因为细菌会从进入的水中去除DO来执行代谢功能。反过来，这很可能会影响nekton和其他水生生物利用红树林的方式。尽管有这些可能性，以前的工作集中在研究红树林小溪中的溶解氧动态，很少有研究集中在理解潮汐淹没期间红树林本身中的溶解氧动态或潮汐消失后森林中的溶解氧水平仍然存在。本研究调查热带昆士兰州北部一条河口Rhizophora stylosa森林中不同距离的溶解氧模式。在2天和多个潮汐周期中每隔5分钟记录一次DO含量，2013年至2014年期间收集了总共32个潮汐周期的数据，涵盖多个季节和潮汐振幅。溶解氧有很大的波动，通常在同一潮汐周期内从常氧到低氧不等。影响溶解氧动力学的因素很多，尤其是：潮高，日照量，潮相以及距红树林外缘的距离。实际上，春季潮汐往往具有较高的溶解氧饱和度，尤其是在洪水时期，但是随着潮汐开始消退，溶解氧会迅速耗尽，尤其是在森林更深处。此外，在潮汐断开期间，森林中的残留池很快就变得缺氧。这些溶解氧的变化表明，动物对红树林的利用可能受到其承受低溶解氧水平的能力的限制，并且为以前在南太平洋研究中在类似的红树林内观察到的底栖生物缺乏提供了合理的解释。红树林。低溶解氧水平加上低密度的底栖猎物也为鱼和其他猪群对这些森林的陆上区域有限利用提供了可能的解释。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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