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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >The effects of tectonic deformation and sediment allocation on shelf habitats and megabenthic distribution and diversity in southern California
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The effects of tectonic deformation and sediment allocation on shelf habitats and megabenthic distribution and diversity in southern California

机译：构造变形和沉积物分布对南加州架子生境和大型底栖动物分布和多样性的影响

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Landscape and seascape structures are typically complex and manifest as patch mosaics within characteristic biomes, bordering one another in gradual or abrupt ecotones. The underlying patch structure in coastal shelf ecosystems is driven by the interaction of tectonic, sedimentary, and sea level dynamic processes. Animals and plants occupy and interact within these mosaics. Terrestrial landscape ecological studies have shown that patch structure is important for ecological processes such as foraging, connectivity, predation, and species dynamics. The importance of patch structure for marine systems is less clear because far fewer pattern-process studies have been conducted in these systems. For many coastal shelf systems, there is a paucity of information on how species occupy shelf seascapes, particularly for seascapes imbued with complex patch structure and ecotones that are common globally due to tectonic activity. Here, we present the results of a study conducted along a myriameter-scale gradient of bottom and sub-bottom geological forcing altered by tectonic deformation, sea level transgression and sediment allocation. The resulting seascape is dominated by unconsolidated sediments throughout, but also exhibits increasing density and size of outcropping patches along a habitat patch gradient forced by the erosion of a sea level transgressive surface that has been deformed and tilted by tectonic forcing. A combination of sub-bottom profiling, multibeam bathymetry, and ROV surveys of the habitats and the demersal megafauna occupying the habitats indicate (1) significant beta diversity along this gradient, (2) biological diversity does not scale with habitat diversity, and (3) species occupy the patches disproportionately (non-linearly) with regard to the proportional availability of their preferred habitats. These results indicate that shelf habitat patch structure modulates species specific processes and interactions with other species. Further studies are needed to examine experimentally the mechanics of how patch structure modulates ecological processes in shelf systems. Our results also provide further support for including multiple spatial scales of patch structure for the application of remote habitat sensing as a surrogate for biological community structure. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：景观和海景结构通常很复杂，表现为典型生物群落内的斑块马赛克，在渐进或突变的过渡带中彼此接壤。构造，沉积和海平面动力学过程的相互作用驱动着沿海陆架生态系统中潜在的斑块结构。动物和植物在这些马赛克中占据并相互作用。陆地景观生态学研究表明，斑块结构对于生态过程（例如觅食，连通性，捕食和物种动态）非常重要。对于海洋系统而言，斑块结构的重要性还不太清楚，因为在这些系统中进行的图案加工研究很少。对于许多沿海架子系统而言，缺乏有关物种如何占据架子海景的信息，特别是对于那些由于构造活动而在全球普遍存在的具有复杂斑块结构和过渡带的海景。在这里，我们介绍了沿构造变形，海平面侵彻和沉积物分配改变的底部和次底部地质强迫的千分尺尺度梯度进行的研究结果。最终形成的海景主要由未固结的沉积物主导，但沿由栖息地斑块梯度引起的露头斑块的密度和大小也不断增加，这些梯度是由于构造强迫使海平面海侵表面变形和倾斜而受到侵蚀。对栖息地的亚底轮廓分析，多波束测深和ROV调查以及占据栖息地的海底大型动物的研究表明（1）沿该梯度存在显着的beta多样性，（2）生物多样性不随栖息地多样性而定，以及（3 ）物种在其首选栖息地的比例可用性方面不成比例地（非线性地）占据了斑块。这些结果表明架子生境斑块结构调节物种的特定过程和与其他物种的相互作用。需要做进一步的研究以实验检验斑块结构如何调节架子系统中生态过程的机理。我们的研究结果还为包括多个空间尺度的斑块结构提供了进一步的支持，以用于远程栖息地感知作为生物群落结构的替代品。 （C）2015作者。由Elsevier Ltd.发布

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