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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Stickleback increase in the Baltic Sea - A thorny issue for coastal predatory fish
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Stickleback increase in the Baltic Sea - A thorny issue for coastal predatory fish

机译：波罗的海的棘背鱼增加-沿海掠食性鱼类的棘手问题

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In the Baltic Sea, the mesopredator three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) spends a large part of its life cycle in the open sea, but reproduces in shallow coastal habitats. In coastal waters, it may occur in high abundances, is a potent predator on eggs and larvae of fish, and has been shown to induce trophic cascades with resulting eutrophication symptoms through regulation of invertebrate grazers. Despite its potential significance for the coastal food web, little is known about its life history and population ecology. This paper provides a description of life history traits, migration patterns and spatiotemporal development of the species in the Baltic Sea during the past decades, and tests the hypothesis that stickleback may have a negative impact on populations of coastal predatory fish. Offshore and coastal data during the last 30 years show that stickleback has increased fourfold in the Bothnian Sea, 45-fold in the Central Baltic Sea and sevenfold in the Southern Baltic Sea. The abundances are similar in the two northern basins, and two orders of magnitude lower in the Southern Baltic Sea. The coastward spawning migration of sticklebacks from offshore areas peaks in early May, with most spawners being two years of age at a mean length of 65 mm. The early juvenile stage is spent at the coast, whereafter sticklebacks perform a seaward feeding migration in early autumn at a size of around 35 mm. A negative spatial relation between the abundance of stickleback and early life stages of perch and pike at coastal spawning areas was observed in spatial survey data, indicating strong interactions between the species. A negative temporal relationship was observed also between adult perch and stickleback in coastal fish monitoring programmes supporting the hypothesis that stickleback may have negative population level effects on coastal fish predators. The recent increase in stickleback populations in different basins of the Baltic Sea in combination with negative spatiotemporal patterns and previously observed interactions between stickleback and coastal predatory fish suggests that this species may have gained a key role in the coastal food webs of the Baltic Sea. Through its migrations, stickleback may also constitute an important vector linking coastal and open sea ecosystem dynamics. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：在波罗的海，中梭三棘棘背G（Gasterosteus aculeatus）的大部分生命周期都在公海度过，但繁殖于浅海沿岸的栖息地。在沿海水域，它可能大量繁殖，是鱼类卵和鱼幼体上的强力捕食者，并已显示出它通过调节无脊椎动物的食草动物而诱发营养级联并导致富营养化症状。尽管它对沿海食物网具有潜在意义，但对其生活史和种群生态学知之甚少。本文描述了过去几十年来波罗的海该物种的生活史特征，迁移模式和时空发展，并验证了棘背le可能对沿海掠食性鱼类种群产生负面影响的假说。在过去的30年中，近海和沿海数据显示，波特尼亚海的棘背鱼数量增加了四倍，波罗的海中部的棘背鱼数量增加了45倍，南波罗的海中的棘背鱼数量增加了七倍。两个北部盆地的丰度相似，而南部波罗的海的丰度低两个数量级。棘背类鱼类从沿海地区向海岸产卵的迁移在5月初达到顶峰，大多数产卵者均为2岁，平均长度为65毫米。幼年初期在海岸度过，此后，stick背在初秋以约35毫米的大小向海中迁移。在空间调查数据中，在沿海产卵区，棘背鱼的丰度与鲈鱼和梭子鱼的早期生命阶段之间存在负空间关系，表明物种之间存在强烈的相互作用。在沿海鱼类监测计划中，成年鲈鱼和stick之间也存在负的时间关系，这支持了stick可能会对沿海鱼类捕食者造成负面种群影响的假设。波罗的海不同流域近期的背population种群增加，加上时空分布为负，以及先前观察到的背and与沿海掠食性鱼类之间的相互作用表明，该物种可能在波罗的海沿海食物网中发挥了关键作用。通过其迁移，棘背鱼还可能构成联系沿海和公海生态系统动力学的重要媒介。 （c）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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