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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Surf zone diatoms: A review of the drivers, patterns and role in sandy beaches food chains
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Surf zone diatoms: A review of the drivers, patterns and role in sandy beaches food chains

机译：冲浪区硅藻：对沙滩食物链中驱动因素，模式和作用的综述

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The accumulation of high biomass of diatoms in the surf zone is a characteristic feature of some sandy beaches where the wave energy is sufficiently high. A few species of diatoms, called surf diatoms, thrive in this harsh environment. The main processes driving the spatial and temporal distribution of surf diatoms as well as their standing biomass and growth were described twenty to thirty years ago based on studies conducted on the western coast of the United States of America and South African beaches. Since then, over fifty locations around the world have been reported to have surf diatom accumulations with most (three-quarters) of these being in the southern hemisphere. Their occurrence is controlled by physical and chemical factors, including wave energy, beach slope and length, water circulation patterns in the surf zone and the availability of nutrients to sustain the high biomass. The main forces driving the patterns of temporal variability of surf diatom accumulations are meteorological. In the short term (hours), the action of wind stress and wave energy controls the diatom accumulation. In the intermediate time scale (weeks to months), seasonal onshore winds of sufficient strength, as well as storm events are important. Furthermore, anthropogenic disturbances that influence the beach ecosystem as well as large-scale events, such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation, may lead to significant changes in surf diatom populations in the long term (inter-annual). Surf diatoms form the base of a short and very productive food chain in the inshore of the sandy beaches where they occur. However, the role of surf diatoms in the microbial food web is not clear and deserves further studies.
机译：冲浪区硅藻的高生物量的积累是波浪能足够高的一些沙滩的特征。在这种恶劣的环境中，有几种硅藻被称为冲浪硅藻。 20到30年前，根据在美国西海岸和南非海滩进行的研究，描述了驱动冲浪硅藻的时空分布以及其固定生物量和生长的主要过程。自那时以来，据报道，全世界有五十多个地点有冲浪硅藻的堆积，其中大部分（四分之三）在南半球。它们的发生受到物理和化学因素的控制，包括波浪能，海滩坡度和长度，冲浪区的水循环模式以及维持高生物量所需的养分。驱动冲浪硅藻积累的时间变化模式的主要因素是气象学。在短期（小时）内，风应力和波能的作用控制了硅藻的积累。在中间时间尺度（几周到几个月）中，足够强度的季节性陆上风以及风暴事件很重要。此外，从长远角度（年际）来看，影响海滩生态系统的人为干扰以及诸如El Nino Southern Oscillation之类的大规模事件可能导致冲浪硅藻种群发生重大变化。冲浪硅藻构成了沙滩沿岸短而高产食物链的基础。然而，冲浪硅藻在微生物食物网中的作用尚不清楚，值得进一步研究。

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