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Setting conservation targets for sandy beach ecosystems

机译：为沙滩生态系统设定保护目标

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摘要

Representative and adequate reserve networks are key to conserving biodiversity. This begs the question, how much of which features need to be placed in protected areas? Setting specifically-derived conservation targets for most ecosystems is common practice; however, this has never been done for sandy beaches. The aims of this paper, therefore, are to propose a methodology for setting conservation targets for sandy beach ecosystems; and to pilot the proposed method using data describing biodiversity patterns and processes from microtidal beaches in South Africa. First, a classification scheme of valued features of beaches is constructed, including: biodiversity features; unique features; and important processes. Second, methodologies for setting targets for each feature under different data-availability scenarios are described. From this framework, targets are set for features characteristic of microtidal beaches in South Africa, as follows. 1) Targets for dune vegetation types were adopted from a previous assessment, and ranged 19-100%. 2) Targets for beach morphodynamic types (habitats) were set using species-area relationships (SARs). These SARs were derived from species richness data from 142 sampling events around the South African coast (extrapolated to total theoretical species richness estimates using previously-established species-accumulation curve relationships), plotted against the area of the beach (calculated from Google Earth imagery). The species-accumulation factor (z) was 0.22, suggesting a baseline habitat target of 27% is required to protect 75% of the species. This baseline target was modified by heuristic principles, based on habitat rarity and threat status, with final values ranging 27-40%. 3) Species targets were fixed at 20%, modified using heuristic principles based on endemism, threat status, and whether or not beaches play an important role in the species' life history, with targets ranging 20 -100%. 4) Targets for processes and 5) important assemblages were set at 50%, following other studies. 6) Finally, a target for an outstanding feature (the Alexandria dunefield) was set at 80% because of its national, international and ecological importance. The greatest shortfall in the current target-setting process is in the lack of empirical models describing the key beach processes, from which robust ecological thresholds can be derived. As for many other studies, our results illustrate that the conservation target of 10% for coastal and marine systems proposed by the Convention on Biological Diversity is too low to conserve sandy beaches and their biota.
机译：有代表性的充足的储备网络是保护生物多样性的关键。这就引出了一个问题：在保护区中需要放置哪些特征？为大多数生态系统设定专门来源的保护目标是普遍做法；但是，这从未在沙滩上做到过。因此，本文的目的是提出一种为沙滩生态系统设定保护目标的方法。并使用描述南非微潮滩生物多样性模式和过程的数据来尝试该方法。首先，建立了海滩有价值特征的分类方案，包括：生物多样性特征；独特的功能;和重要的过程。其次，描述了在不同数据可用性情况下为每个功能设置目标的方法。从这个框架出发，针对南非微潮滩特征的目标设定如下。 1）沙丘植被类型的目标是根据先前的评估确定的，范围为19-100％。 2）使用物种-面积关系（SAR）设定海滩形态动力学类型（栖息地）的目标。这些SAR来自南非海岸附近的142个采样事件的物种丰富度数据（使用先前建立的物种积累曲线关系推算到理论总物种丰富度估计值），并针对海滩面积绘制（根据Google Earth影像计算） 。物种聚集因子（z）为0.22，这表明保护27％的物种需要27％的基线生境目标。根据栖息地稀有性和威胁状态，通过启发式原理修改了此基准目标，最终值范围为27-40％。 3）物种目标固定为20％，并根据地方性，威胁状况以及海滩是否在物种的生活史中起重要作用，采用启发式原理进行修改，目标范围为20 -100％。在进行其他研究之后，将4）流程目标和5）重要组件设置为50％。 6）最后，由于其对国家，国际和生态的重要性，杰出特征（亚历山大·杜内菲尔德）的目标设定为80％。当前目标设定过程中最大的不足是缺乏描述关键海滩过程的经验模型，因此无法得出可靠的生态阈值。至于许多其他研究，我们的结果表明，《生物多样性公约》提出的沿海和海洋系统10％的保护目标太低，无法保护沙滩及其生物区系。

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  • 来源
    《Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science》 |2014年第ptaa期|45-57|共13页
  • 作者

    Linda Harris; Ronel Nel; Stephen Holness; Kerry Sink; David Schoeman;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa;

    Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa;

    Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa;

    South African National Biodiversity Institute, Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa;

    Faculty of Science, Health & Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore Q-4558, Australia,Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    conservation principles; ecology; beaches; marine parks; marine protected areas (MPAs); species-area relationships;

    机译：保护原则;生态;海滩;海岸公园;海洋保护区（MPA）;物种-区域关系;

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