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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Infaunal biodiversity and ecological function on a remote oceanic island: The role of biogeography and bio-physical surrogates
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Infaunal biodiversity and ecological function on a remote oceanic island: The role of biogeography and bio-physical surrogates

机译：偏远海洋岛屿上的非生物多样性和生态功能：生物地理学和生物物理替代物的作用

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摘要

Understanding and predicting the processes determining biological assemblages and marine biodiversity is critical to managing and conserving marine ecosystems. Infauna are a substantial component of shelf biodiversity and important contributors to ecological function. To examine the bio-physical relationships structuring infaunal assemblages across the Lord Howe Island (LHI) shelf, we mapped broad-scale physical and habitat-related features of the seabed using high-resolution multibeam sonar and sampled sediments and infauna across the shelf using a Smith-Mclntyre grab. Broad-scale biogeographic processes were important determiners of the infaunal shelf assemblage. Shelf sediments supported an impoverished infaunal assemblage, with a high proportion of rare species, and many new and endemic species. This, combined with the numerical dominance of brooding endemics relative to lower densities of mainland taxa suggests that much of the islands infaunal diversity reflects transient dispersers rather than self-recruiting island populations. Local-scale physical processes, such as disturbance and current-borne nutrients, were also important in structuring the infaunal assemblage. Three geomorphic zones (drowned lagoon, relict reef and outer shelf) were strong predictors (or surrogates) of infaunal community and trophic structure over broad-scales (the extent of the shelf), while sediment composition (e.g. sorting and mean grain size) and seafloor structure (e.g. topography) were important predictors of population abundances and finer-scale (within-zone) community patchiness. Species richness and abundance were highest offshore on the outer shelf. Here, topographically raised sites subjected to oceanic currents supported high densities of suspension feeders and the highest levels of infaunal diversity. In contrast, the dynamic rippled sediments of the drowned lagoon supported an impoverished assemblage with a reduced trophic structure indicative of harsh physical environments. While biogeographic isolation in part explains low localised densities of non-endemic species, overall numbers per species indicate that many individuals are successfully arriving at LHI, but that sediment conditions -particularly in the drowned lagoon and to a lesser extent across the relict reef - may be too dynamic to provide suitable habitat for many of these species. These results suggest that interactions between shelf topography, physical wave disturbance and nutrient supply from oceanic currents are important factors structuring oceanic shelf assemblages. This study highlights that seabed habitat mapping when explicitly integrated with fine-scale bio-physical surveys can provide substantial insight into the spatial distribution and ecological function of benthic assemblages, and provides an essential ecological and spatial framework to predict the future structure of these populations and assemblages in response to natural and anthropogenic change.
机译：了解和预测确定生物群落和海洋生物多样性的过程对于管理和保护海洋生态系统至关重要。信息系统是架子生物多样性的重要组成部分，并且是生态功能的重要贡献者。为了检查在豪勋爵岛（LHI）陆架上构成臭fa组合的生物物理关系，我们使用高分辨率多束声纳绘制海床的大规模物理和栖息地相关特征图，并使用一架跨海带取样了沉积物和横fa史密斯·麦克莱恩（Smith-Mclntyre）抢。大规模的生物地理过程是决定无用支架组合的重要因素。架子上的沉积物支持了贫瘠的无足动物组合，其中稀有物种比例很高，许多新的特有物种。再加上相对于大陆类群密度较低的育种地方性在数值上的优势，这表明许多岛屿的不育现象反映了暂时的分散而不是自我招募的岛屿人口。局部规模的物理过程，例如干扰和电流传播的营养物，在构造无用组件方面也很重要。三个地貌区（淹没的泻湖，遗物礁和外层架）是非生物群落和营养结构在大范围（层架的范围），沉积物成分（例如分选和平均粒度）和海底结构（例如地形）是人口丰度和较小尺度（区域内）群落斑块的重要预测指标。外架上的物种丰富度和丰富度最高。在这里，受到洋流影响的地形凸起地点支持了高密度的悬浮物饲养者和最高水平的非生物多样性。相比之下，淹没泻湖的动态波纹状沉积物支持了一个贫困的组合，其营养结构减少，表明物理环境恶劣。尽管生物地理隔离在一定程度上解释了非地方性物种的局限性，但每个物种的总数表明，许多人已成功到达LHI，但沉积条件-特别是在淹没的泻湖中，以及在整个礁岩中的程度较小-可能过于动态，无法为其中许多物种提供合适的栖息地。这些结果表明，架子地形，物理波干扰和洋流养分供应之间的相互作用是构造海洋架子组合的重要因素。这项研究强调，将海底栖息地地图与精细的生物物理调查明确结合后，可以为底栖动物的空间分布和生态功能提供实质性的见识，并为预测这些种群的未来结构提供重要的生态和空间框架，响应自然和人为变化的集合。

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