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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Fishes and fisheries in tropical estuaries: The last 10 years
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Fishes and fisheries in tropical estuaries: The last 10 years

机译：热带河口的鱼类和渔业：最近十年

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Since 2002 there has been an increase in knowledge of many aspects of the biology and ecology of tropical estuarine fishes, as well as significant changes to many estuarine fisheries. Analyses of literature databases (2002-2012) show that: of the c. 600 relevant papers, 52% are primarily related to ecology, 11% to conservation, 11% to anthropogenic and pollution effects on fishes, 9% to fisheries, 7% to aquaculture, 4% to study techniques, and 1% each to fish larvae, effects of fishing, taxonomy, climate change, evolution and genetics. In terms of geographic spread 17% are from North America, 15% from south Asia, 14% from the Caribbean, 13% from Australasia, 12% from Africa and 9% each from South America and SE Asia. Research papers came from 50 countries of which the dominant were USA (15%), India (12%), Australia (11%) and Brazil (7%). Increasing numbers of studies in West Africa, SE and South Asia and South America have increased basic knowledge of the ecology of estuarine fish faunas. Increases in understanding relate to: roles of salinity, turbidity and habitat diversity; connectivity between habitats; water flow; ecological drivers of spatial variability; scale dependent variation; thermal tolerances; movement patterns; food webs; larval adaptations; and the viability of areas heavily impacted by human activities. New reviews both challenge and support different aspects of the estuarine dependence paradigm - still perhaps one of the main research issues - and the protective function of estuaries and mangroves for juvenile fishes has received attention in relation to e.g. predation risks and fisheries. There have also been significant advances in the use of guilds and biodiversity models. Fishing pressures have continued unabated in most tropical estuaries and are summarised and management issues discussed. Understanding of the relationships between fisheries production and mangroves has advanced and significant differences have emerged between Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic systems. The effects of fishing itself have also received attention and research is often related to conservation studies. The effects of anthropogenic activities are reviewed and important advances in mitigation are discussed. Restoration of estuarine habitats, such as mangroves, previously taking place mainly in countries such as Australia and USA, is now occurring in more countries. The design of reserves and the use of protected areas as management tools are gaining credence. Finally, the evidence for actual and potential effects of climate change is discussed.
机译：自2002年以来，对热带河口鱼类的生物学和生态学的许多方面的了解有所增加，许多河口渔业也发生了重大变化。文献数据库的分析（2002-2012年）显示： 600篇相关论文，52％主要与生态有关，11％与保护有关，11％与对鱼类的人为和污染影响，9％与渔业有关，7％与水产养殖有关，4％与研究技术有关，1％与鱼类幼虫有关，捕鱼，分类学，气候变化，进化和遗传学的影响。就地域分布而言，北美占17％，南亚占15％，加勒比地区占14％，澳大拉西亚占13％，非洲占12％，南美和东南亚占9％。研究论文来自50个国家，其中美国（15％），印度（12％），澳大利亚（11％）和巴西（7％）占主导。在西非，东南亚以及南亚和南美，越来越多的研究增加了对河口鱼类区系生态学的基础知识。认识的增加涉及：盐度，浊度和生境多样性的作用；生境之间的连通性；水流;空间变异的生态驱动力；规模依赖的变化;热容差运动方式；食物网；幼虫适应以及受人类活动严重影响的地区的生存能力。新的评论挑战并支持了河口依赖范式的不同方面-也许仍是主要的研究问题之一-河口和红树林对幼鱼的保护功能已受到关注，例如捕食风险和渔业。行会和生物多样性模型的使用也取得了重大进展。在大多数热带河口，捕捞压力一直没有减弱，已被总结并讨论了管理问题。对渔业生产与红树林之间关系的理解已经深入，印度西太平洋与大西洋系统之间已经出现了显着差异。捕捞本身的影响也受到关注，研究通常与保护研究有关。审查了人为活动的影响，并讨论了缓解方面的重要进展。河口栖息地（例如红树林）的恢复以前主要在澳大利亚和美国等国家进行，现在正在更多国家进行。保护区的设计和保护区作为管理工具的使用正获得认可。最后，讨论了气候变化的实际和潜在影响的证据。

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