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'Sticky water' enables the retention of larvae in a reef mosaic

机译：“粘水”可将幼体保留在礁石马赛克中

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To study retention of waterborn larvae in a reef matrix we used a finite-element unstructured numerical model with a minimum horizontal resolution of 150 m that can capture variability of currents on a spatial scale relevant to coral reefs in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Areas of high reef density (i.e. closely aggregated reefs) are poorly flushed because the prevailing currents are directed around and away from these regions, which is an oceanographic process called the 'sticky water' effect. The model showed that the sticky water effect leads to decreased flushing and a high exposure time in high reef density areas in the southern and central regions of the GBR matrix. In turn this generated hot spots of high self-seeding, and these hot spots existed under both calm weather conditions and wind conditions typical of those during the coral spawning season. Away from these areas, self-seeding was less likely to occur and larval replenishment would result mainly from connectivity between reefs located kilometres to tens of kilometres apart. The location of sticky water areas varied spatially within the reef matrix according to tidal and mean currents, local bathymetry and reef density (defined as the degree of aggregation by reefs). A simple analytical formula is presented that explains ～70% of the variation in larval retention in both calm weather and windy conditions. Complex reef mosaics and the related sticky water effect may have significant implications on the fate of larvae, and thus on connectivity for coral reefs worldwide.
机译：为了研究水生幼体在礁石基质中的保留，我们使用了最小水平分辨率为150 m的有限元非结构化数值模型，该模型可以捕获与大堡礁（GBR）中的珊瑚礁有关的空间尺度上的水流变化。高礁密度区域（即聚集紧密的礁石）冲洗不畅，因为盛行的水流流向或远离这些区域，这是一种海洋学过程，称为“粘性水”效应。该模型表明，粘性水效应导致GBR矩阵的南部和中部地区的高礁石密度区域冲洗减少，暴露时间延长。反过来，这会产生高度自播的热点，并且这些热点同时存在于珊瑚产卵季节典型的平静天气和风力条件下。在远离这些地区的地方，发生自种的可能性较小，而幼体的补给主要来自相距数十公里至数十公里的珊瑚礁之间的连通性。粘性水区域的位置根据潮汐流和平均水流，局部测深法和礁石密度（定义为礁石的聚集程度）在礁石基质中在空间上发生变化。提出了一个简单的分析公式，解释了在平静的天气和有风的条件下，约70％的幼虫滞留变化。复杂的礁石镶嵌图和相关的粘性水效应可能会对幼虫的命运产生重大影响，从而对全世界珊瑚礁的连通性也产生重大影响。

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