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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Mercury in the sediments of the Marano and Grado Lagoon (northern Adriatic Sea): Sources, distribution and speciation
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Mercury in the sediments of the Marano and Grado Lagoon (northern Adriatic Sea): Sources, distribution and speciation

机译：马拉诺和格拉多泻湖（北亚得里亚海）沉积物中的汞：来源，分布和形态

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摘要

The existence of mining tailings in Idrija (Slovenia) and their subsequent transportation via the Isonzo River has been the primary source of mercury (Hg) in the northern Adriatic Sea for almost 500 years, making the Gulf of Trieste and the adjacent Marano and Grado Lagoon two of the most contaminated marine areas in the world. A further, more recent, contribution of Hg has been added by the operation of a chlor-alkali plant (CAP) located in the drainage basin flowing into the Lagoon. On the basis of previous research, as well as new data obtained from the "MIRACLE" project (Mercury Interdisciplinary Research for Appropriate Clam farming in a Lagoon Environment), the spatial distribution of Hg and its relationships with methylmercury (MeHg), organic matter and several geochemical parameters in surface sediments were investigated. The predominant and long-term impacts of the cinnabar-rich Isonzo River paniculate matter in the Lagoon surface sediments are evident and confirmed by a decreasing concentration gradient from east (>11 μg g~(-1)) to west (0.7 μg g~(-1)). Hg originated from the CAP is only significant in the central sector of the Lagoon. Hg is primarily associated with fine-grained sediments (<16 μm), as a consequence of transport and dispersion from the fluvial source through littoral and tidal currents. However, speciation analyses highlighted the presence of Hg sulphides in the coarse sandy fraction of sediments from the eastern area, as expected given the origin of the sedimentary material. Unlike Hg, the distribution of MeHg (0.47-7.85 ng g~(-1)) does not show a clear trend. MeHg constitutes, on average, 0.08% of total Hg and percentages are comparable to those obtained in similar lagoon environments. Higher MeHg concentrations in low to intermediate Hg-contaminated sediments indicate that the metal availability is not a limiting factor for MeHg occurrence, thus suggesting a major role played by environmental conditions and/or speciation. The reasonably good correlation between MeHg normalized to humic acid (HA) content and humic δ~(13)C indicates that MeHg is preferentially associated with autochthonous δ~(13)C-enriched HAs in lagoon surface sediments, suggesting that the structure of "marine" HAs, less refractory and less aromatic, could favor MeHg binding and/or production. In the context of the potential hazard of Hg and MeHg accumulation in reared clams, the choice of a site for the extension of farming activities inside the Marano and Grado Lagoon is dependent on several factors and cannot be decided solely on the basis of the total Hg content in the sediment.
机译：近500年来，在亚得里亚海北部，伊德里贾（斯洛文尼亚）采矿尾矿的存在及其随后通过伊松佐河的运输一直是汞（Hg）的主要来源，这使得的里雅斯特湾以及邻近的马拉诺和格拉多泻湖世界上两个污染最严重的海洋地区。最近，通过流入流泻湖的流域中的氯碱厂（CAP）的运行，汞的贡献进一步增加。在先前研究的基础上，以及从“ MIRACLE”项目（泻湖环境中适当的蛤类养殖的水银跨学科研究）获得的新数据中，汞的空间分布及其与甲基汞（MeHg），有机质和研究了表层沉积物中的几个地球化学参数。富含朱砂的Isonzo河颗粒物在泻湖表面沉积物中的主要和长期影响是明显的，并通过从东部（> 11μgg〜（-1））到西部（0.7μgg〜 （-1））。源自CAP的汞仅在环礁湖的中部具有重要意义。汞主要与细颗粒沉积物（<16μm）有关，这是由于从河流源通过沿岸和潮流流的运输和分散所致。但是，形态分析突出显示，在给定沉积物来源的基础上，东部地区沉积物的粗砂质部分中存在硫化汞。与汞不同，MeHg（0.47-7.85 ng g〜（-1））的分布没有明显的趋势。 MeHg平均占总Hg的0.08％，其百分比与在类似泻湖环境中获得的Hg相当。在低至中等水平的受Hg污染的沉积物中较高的MeHg浓度表明，金属的可利用性不是MeHg发生的限制因素，因此表明环境条件和/或物种形成起着主要作用。归一化为腐殖酸（HA）含量的MeHg和腐殖酸δ〜（13）C之间的合理良好相关性表明，MeHg优先与泻湖表面沉积物中的原生质δ〜（13）C富集的HA关联，这表明“难熔且芳香性较低的船用HAs可能有助于MeHg的结合和/或生产。考虑到养殖蛤中汞和甲基汞的潜在危害，选择在马拉诺和格拉多泻湖内扩展农业活动的地点取决于几个因素，不能仅根据汞的总量来决定沉积物中的含量。

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  • 来源
    《Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science》 |2012年第10期|p.20-31|共12页
  • 作者

    Alessandro Acquavita; Stefano Covelli; Andrea Emili; Daniela Berto; Jadran Faganeli; Michele Giani; Milena Horvat; Neza Koron; Federico Rampazzo;

  • 作者单位

    Osservatorio Alto Adriatico, Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia (ARPA-FVG), Via Cairoli 14, 33057 Palmanova, Italy,Dipartimento di Matematica & Geoscienze, Universita di Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128 Trieste, Italy;

    Dipartimento di Matematica & Geoscienze, Universita di Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128 Trieste, Italy;

    Dipartimento di Matematica & Geoscienze, Universita di Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128 Trieste, Italy;

    ISPRA, hoc. Brondolo, 30015 Chioggia, Venezia, Italy;

    Marine Biological Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia;

    Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geoflska Sperimentale, Via Piccard 54, 34151 S.Croce, Trieste, Italy;

    Dept. of Environ. Sciences, 'jozef Stefan' Institut, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;

    Marine Biological Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia,Dept. of Environ. Sciences, 'jozef Stefan' Institut, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;

    ISPRA, hoc. Brondolo, 30015 Chioggia, Venezia, Italy;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    lagoons; sediments; mercury; methylmercury; humic acids; chemical speciation; northern adriatic sea;

    机译：泻湖沉积物汞;甲基汞腐殖酸;化学形态北亚得里亚海;

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