Recent evolution of river discharges in the Gulf of Trieste and their potential response to climate changes and anthropogenic pressure

Stefano Cozzi; Claus Falconi; Cinzia Comici; Branko Cermelj; Nives Kovac; Valentina Turk; Michele Giani

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Recent evolution of river discharges in the Gulf of Trieste and their potential response to climate changes and anthropogenic pressure

机译：的里雅斯特湾河流排放的最新演变及其对气候变化和人为压力的潜在响应

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Freshwater and nutrient discharges by rivers were analysed in the northeastern Adriatic continental shelf from 1998 to 2008, in order to assess their role in the biogeochemistry of this coastal zone, as well as their potential future changes due to the effects of climate variability and anthropogenic pressure. River water loads (up to 6.05 km~3 yr~(-1)) and transport of nutrients (up to 13,2001N yr~(-1) for TN, 861P yr~(-1) for TP and 12,4001 Si yr~(-1) for Si(OH)_4) were high from 1998 to 2002, but they decreased by over 70% during the driest years 2003, 2005, 2006 and 2007. The precipitation in the surrounding continental region (average of 1371 mm yr~(-1)) is the major forcing that regulates the runoff in this area, with peaks in early spring and autumn that are associated respectively to negative phases of Mediterranean Oscillation index and positive phases of West Mediterranean Oscillation index. This finding, together with the minor contribution of snowmelt in early spring (up to 3.2 ? 10~(-5) kg m~(-2) s~(-1)), indicates that the dynamics of the natural water cycle still overtake in this coastal zone the effects of anthropogenic usage of continental waters. During the last four decades, the northeastern Adriatic continental shelf has been subjected to an increasing pressure due to a high river transport of nitrogen and, currently, only a deep phosphorus deficiency in total (TN/TP = 49-405) and inorganic (DIN/PO_4 = 37-418) river nutrient pools prevents its severe eutrophication. By contrast, the decrease of river loads of nutrients from 2003 to 2007 indicates that recurrent water crisis might significantly lower the trophic level in this coastal zone in the future. In this perspective, other allochthonous sources of nutrients, like sewage loads, atmospheric deposition and benthic fluxes might become more important for their balance, with possible implications on the structure of this ecosystem.

机译：为了评估它们在该沿海地区的生物地球化学中的作用以及由于气候变化和人为压力的影响而可能在未来发生的变化，分析了1998年至2008年东北亚得里亚海大陆架上河流的淡水和养分排放情况。。河流水负荷（高达6.05 km〜3 yr〜（-1））和养分运移（TN高达13,2001N yr〜（-1），TP和861P yr〜（-1）和12,4001 Si Si（OH）_4的yr〜（-1）从1998年到2002年较高，但在最干旱的2003、2005、2006和2007年减少了70％以上。周围大陆地区的降水（平均1371年） mm yr〜（-1））是调节该地区径流量的主要动力，春季和秋季初出现峰值，分别与地中海振荡指数的负相位和西地中海振荡指数的正相位有关。这一发现，加上早春融雪的少量贡献（高达3.2？10〜（-5）kg m〜（-2）s〜（-1）），表明自然水循环的动力学仍然超量在这个沿海地区，人为利用大陆水的影响。在过去的四十年中，由于大量的氮在河上运输，东北亚得里亚海大陆架承受着不断增加的压力，目前，总磷和无机磷（DIN / TP = 49-405）仅严重不足/ PO_4 = 37-418）河流养分池可防止其严重富营养化。相比之下，2003年至2007年河流中养分的减少，表明复发的水危机可能会在未来大大降低该沿海地区的营养水平。从这个角度看，其他异质养分来源，如污水负荷，大气沉积和底流，可能对其平衡更为重要，并可能对该生态系统的结构产生影响。

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来源
《Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science》 |2012年第10期|14-24|共11页
作者
Stefano Cozzi; Claus Falconi; Cinzia Comici; Branko Cermelj; Nives Kovac; Valentina Turk; Michele Giani;
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作者单位

CNR - I.S.MAR, Istituto di Scienze Marine, Viale Romolo Gessi 2, 34123 Trieste, Italy;

OGS - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografla e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy;

OGS - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografla e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy;

NIB - National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fomace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia;

NIB - National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fomace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia;

NIB - National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fomace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia;

OGS - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografla e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy;

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正文语种 eng
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关键词
runoff; nutrients; freshwater; coastal zone; eutrophication; northeastern adriatic;

机译：径流;营养素淡水;沿海地区富营养化东北亚得里亚海;

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Recent evolution of river discharges in the Gulf of Trieste and their potential response to climate changes and anthropogenic pressure

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