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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Harmful algal blooms: How strong is the evidence that nutrient ratios and forms influence their occurrence?
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Harmful algal blooms: How strong is the evidence that nutrient ratios and forms influence their occurrence?

机译：有害的藻华：营养比和形态影响其发生的证据有多强？

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摘要

There is a perception that anthropogenically-driven changes in nutrient supply to coastal waters influences the abundance, frequency and toxicity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) through a change in the form or ratio of nutrient that limits phytoplankton growth. If nutrient concentrations are not limiting for growth, then ratios do not influence floristic composition. At non-limiting concentrations, evidence that alteration of nitrogen: phosphorus (N:P) ratios has stimulated HABs is limited, and primarily based on hypothesised relationships in relatively few locations (in particular: Tolo Harbour Hong Kong and Dutch Coastal Waters). In all cases, an unequivocal causal link between an increase in HABs (frequency, magnitude or duration) and change in N or P as the limiting nutrient is difficult to establish. The silicon (Si) limitation hypothesis is generally supported by experimental evidence and field data on the nuisance flagellate Phaeocystis. We found little evidence that high N:Si ratios preferentially promote harmful dinoflagellates over benign species. Laboratory studies demonstrate that nutrient ratios can influence toxin production, but genus and species specific differences and environmental control make extrapolation of these data to the field difficult. Studies of the role of dissolved and paniculate organic nutrients in the growth of HAB species, while limited, demonstrate the potential for organic nutrients (especially organic N) to support the growth of a range of HAB species. There is a clear need for better understanding of the role of mixotrophy in the formation of HABs and for studies of HAB and non-HAB species in competition for environmentally realistic concentrations of organic nutrients.
机译：人们认为，人为驱动的沿海水域营养物供应变化会通过限制浮游植物生长的营养物形式或比例的变化，影响有害藻华（HAB）的丰度，频率和毒性。如果养分浓度不限制生长，则比例不影响植物组成。在非限制性浓度下，氮，磷（N：P）比例变化刺激HAB的证据有限，并且主要基于相对较少位置（尤其是香港吐露港和荷兰沿海水域）的假设关系。在所有情况下，都难以建立HAB的增加（频率，幅度或持续时间）与作为限制营养素的N或P变化之间的明确因果关系。硅（Si）限制假说通常得到有关滋扰鞭毛藻类的实验证据和现场数据的支持。我们发现几乎没有证据表明高的N：Si比例比良性物种优先促进有害的鞭毛藻。实验室研究表明，养分比可以影响毒素的产生，但是属和种的特异性差异以及环境控制使得很难将这些数据外推到田间。对溶解的和颗粒状的有机养分在HAB物种生长中的作用进行的研究虽然有限，但表明有机养分（尤其是有机氮）支持多种HAB物种生长的潜力。显然需要更好地理解混合营养在HAB形成中的作用，并需要研究HAB和非HAB物种在竞争环境中逼真的有机营养素浓度。

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  • 来源
    《Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science》 |2012年第10期|399-413|共15页
  • 作者

    Keith Davidson; Richard J. Gowen; Paul Tett; Eileen Bresnan; Paul J. Harrison; April McKinney; Stephen Milligan; David K. Mills; Joe Silke; Anne-Marie Crooks;

  • 作者单位

    Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK;

    Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems Branch, Agriculture Food and Environmental Science Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK;

    Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK;

    Marine Scotland Marine Laboratory, P.O. Box 101, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK;

    Department of Earth & Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3;

    Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems Branch, Agriculture Food and Environmental Science Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK;

    Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK;

    Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK;

    The Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland;

    Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems Branch, Agriculture Food and Environmental Science Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    phytoplankton; harmful algae; nutrient ratios; eutrophication;

    机译：浮游植物有害藻类营养比富营养化;

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