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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Distribution of trace metals in anchialine caves of Adriatic Sea, Croatia
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Distribution of trace metals in anchialine caves of Adriatic Sea, Croatia

机译：克罗地亚亚得里亚海an鱼洞中微量金属的分布

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摘要

This study presents results of the first comprehensive research on ecotoxic trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in aquatic anchialine ecosystems. Data show the influence of hydrological and geological characteristics on trace metals in highly stratified anchialine water columns. Distribution of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in two anchialine water bodies, Bjejajka Cave and Lenga Pit in the Mljet National park, Croatia were investigated seasonally from 2006 to 2010. Behaviour and concentrations of dissolved and total trace metals in stratified water columns and metal contents in sediment, carbonate rocks and soil of the anchialine environment were evaluated. Trace metals and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in both anchialine water columns were significantly elevated compared to adjacent seawater. Zn and Cu concentrations were the highest in the Lenga Pit water column and sediment. Elevated concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cu in Bjejajka Cave were mainly terrigenous. Significantly elevated concentrations of cadmium (up to 0.3 μg L~(-1)) were found in the water column of Bjejajka cave, almost two orders of magnitude higher compared to nearby surface seawater. Laboratory analysis revealed that bat guano was the major source of cadmium in Bjejajka Cave. Cadmium levels in Lenga Pit, which lacks accumulations of bat guano, were 20-fold lower. Moreover, low metal amounts in carbonate rocks in both caves, combined with mineral leaching experiments, revealed that carbonates play a minor role as a source of metals in both water columns. We observed two types of vertical distribution pattern of cadmium in the stratified anchialine Bjejajka Cave water column. At lower salinities, non-conservative behaviour was characterized by strong desorption and enrichment of dissolved phase while, at salinities above 20, Cd behaved conservatively and its dissolved concentration decreased. Conservative behaviour of Cu, Pb, Zn and DOC was observed throughout the water column. After heavy rains, Cd showed reduced concentration and uniform vertical distribution, suggesting a non-terrestrial origin. Under the same conditions, concentrations of total and dissolved Pb, Cu, Zn and DOC were significantly elevated. Variations of trace metal vertical distributions in anchialine water columns were caused by large inputs of fresh water (extraordinary rainy events), and were not influenced by seasonal changes.
机译：这项研究提出了对水生chi鱼碱生态系统中生态毒性微量金属（Cd，Pb，Cu和Zn）的首次综合研究的结果。数据显示水文和地质特征对高度分层的chi胺水柱中的痕量金属的影响。从2006年到2010年，按季节调查了克罗地亚Mljet国家公园中Bjejajka Cave和Lenga Pit这两个an碱水体中Cd，Pb，Cu和Zn的分布情况。分层水柱和金属中溶解金属和痕量金属的行为和浓度评价了an碱环境的沉积物，碳酸盐岩和土壤中的含量。与邻海水相比，两个邻苯二甲胺水柱中的痕量金属和溶解有机碳（DOC）浓度均显着升高。伦加坑水柱和沉积物中的锌和铜浓度最高。 Bjejajka洞穴中Zn，Pb和Cu的浓度升高主要是陆源的。在Bjejajka洞穴水柱中发现镉的浓度显着升高（高达0.3μgL〜（-1）），比附近的地表海水高出近两个数量级。实验室分析表明，蝙蝠鸟粪是Bjejajka洞穴中镉的主要来源。缺乏蝙蝠鸟粪积累的Lenga坑中的镉含量降低了20倍。此外，两个洞穴中碳酸盐岩中的金属含量较低，再加上矿物浸出实验表明，碳酸盐在两个水柱中作为金属来源的作用均较小。我们在分层的an鱼碱Bjejajka洞穴水柱中观察到了两种垂直分布的镉形态。在较低盐度下，非保守行为的特征在于溶解相的强解吸和富集，而在盐度高于20时，Cd表现出保守性，其溶解浓度降低。在整个水柱中都观察到了Cu，Pb，Zn和DOC的保守行为。大雨过后，Cd浓度降低，垂直分布均匀，表明它不是地球起源。在相同条件下，Pb，Cu，Zn和DOC的总浓度和溶解浓度均显着升高。苯甲胺水柱中痕量金属的垂直分布变化是由大量的淡水输入引起的（非正常降雨事件），不受季节变化的影响。

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