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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Calibration and use of continuous heat-type automated seepage meters for submarine groundwater discharge measurements
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Calibration and use of continuous heat-type automated seepage meters for submarine groundwater discharge measurements

机译：校准和使用连续热型自动渗漏仪进行海底地下水排放测量

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摘要

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) assessments were conducted both in the laboratory and at a field site in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, using a continuous heat-type automated seepage meter (seepmeter). The functioning of the seepmeter is based on measurements of a temperature gradient in the water between downstream and upstream positions in its flow pipe. The device has the potential of providing long-term, high-resolution measurements of SGD. Using a simple inexpensive laboratory setup, we have shown that connecting an extension cable to the seepmeter has a negligible effect on its measuring capability. Similarly, the observed influence of very low temperature (<3 ℃) on seepmeter measurements can be accounted for by conducting calibrations at such temperatures prior to field deployments. Compared to manual volumetric measurements, calibration experiments showed that at higher water flow rates (>28 cm day~(-1) or cm~3 cm~ 2 day~(-1)) an analog flowmeter overestimated flow rates by ≥7%. This was apparently due to flow resistance, turbulence and formation of air bubbles in the seepmeter water flow tubes. Salinity had no significant effect on the performance of the seepmeter. Calibration results from fresh water and sea water showed close agreement at a 95% confidence level significance between the data sets from the two media (R~2 = 0.98). Comparatively, the seepmeter SGD measurements provided data that are comparable to manually-operated seepage meters, the radon geochemical tracer approach, and an electromagnetic (EM) seepage meter.
机译：使用连续热型自动渗漏仪（seepmeter）在墨西哥湾东北部的实验室和现场进行了海底地下水排放（SGD）评估。渗透仪的功能基于其流量管下游和上游位置之间水中温度梯度的测量值。该设备具有提供SGD长期，高分辨率测量的潜力。通过使用简单的廉价实验室设置，我们已经表明，将延长电缆连接到渗透仪对其测量能力的影响可以忽略不计。同样，通过在现场部署之前在这样的温度下进行校准，可以解释观察到的极低温度（<3℃）对渗透仪测量的影响。与手动体积测量相比，校准实验表明，在更高的水流量（> 28 cm day〜（-1）或cm〜3 cm〜2 day〜（-1））下，模拟流量计高估了≥7％的流量。这显然是由于渗流计水流管中的流动阻力，湍流和气泡的形成。盐度对渗透仪的性能没有显着影响。来自两种介质的数据集之间的淡水和海水校准结果在95％的置信度显着性上显示出紧密的一致性（R〜2 = 0.98）。相比之下，渗透仪SGD测量提供的数据可与手动操作的渗透仪，the地球化学示踪法和电磁（EM）渗透仪相媲美。

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