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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Human impacts overwhelm the effects of sea-level rise on Basque coastal habitats (N Spain) between 1954 and 2004
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Human impacts overwhelm the effects of sea-level rise on Basque coastal habitats (N Spain) between 1954 and 2004

机译：1954年至2004年之间，人类影响压倒了海平面上升对巴斯克沿海栖息地（西班牙）的影响

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According to coastal measurements, global mean sea-level has risen at a rate of 1.8 mm yr~(-1) between 1950 and 2000, with large spatial variability at regional scales. Within the Bay of Biscay, trends computed from coastal tide gauges records have revealed that sea-level rise is accelerating over this period of time; this is in agreement with rates obtained from satellite imagery in the open ocean since 1993. The objectives of the present study are: (1) to assess the evidence of the relative sea-level rise on coastal morphology and habitats in the Gipuzkoan littoral zone (Basque coast, northern Spain) for the period 1954-2004, and (2) to evaluate the relative contribution of local anthropogenic versus sea-level rise impacts for explaining inter-supratidal habitat changes. A high-resolution airborne laser altimetry data (LIDAR) has been used to derive a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of 15-cm vertical resolution. Coastal habitats were mapped for two periods, using historic airborne photography (1954) and high-resolution imagery (2004). Analysis of tide gauge records from Santander (northern Spain) has revealed that relative mean sea-level has been rising at a rate of 2.08 ±0.33 mm yr~(-1) from 1943 to 2004; this is consistent with sea-level trends from other measurements within the area (St. Jean de Luz and Bilbao), obtained over shorter periods of time, and with previous results obtained in the Bay of Biscay. Based upon this sea-level trend and by means of a LIDAR-based DTM, the results have indicated that the predicted change along the Gipuzkoan coast due to sea-level rise was of 11.1 ha within the 50-yr period. In contrast, comparison of historical and recent orthophotography has detected only 2.95 ha of change, originated possibly from sea-level rise, and 98 ha transformed by anthropogenic impacts. Hence, coastal changes due to sea-level rise might be overwhelmed by excessive human impacts, at the spatial and temporal scales of the analysis. This work highlights that local anthropogenic impact is the major threat to Basque coastal and estuarine habitats, compared with natural erosive processes and global climate change driving forces over recent times.
机译：根据沿海地区的测量，在1950年至2000年之间，全球平均海平面以1.8 mm yr〜（-1）的速度上升，在区域尺度上具有很大的空间变异性。在比斯开湾内，根据沿海潮汐测量仪记录得出的趋势表明，在这段时间内海平面上升正在加速。这与自1993年以来从公海中的卫星图像获得的速率一致。本研究的目标是：（1）评估吉普斯夸安沿海地区沿海形态和栖息地相对海平面上升的证据（ （1）在西班牙北部的巴斯克（Basque）海岸（1954-2004），以及（2）评估当地人为与海平面上升影响的相对贡献，以解释上生间生境的变化。高分辨率机载激光测高数据（LIDAR）已用于导出15厘米垂直分辨率的数字地形模型（DTM）。使用历史航空摄影（1954年）和高分辨率影像（2004年）对沿海栖息地进行了两个时期的绘制。对桑坦德（西班牙北部）潮汐仪记录的分析表明，从1943年到2004年，相对平均海平面以2.08±0.33 mm yr〜（-1）的速率增长；这与在较短时间内获得的该地区其他测量值（圣让·德·卢兹和毕尔巴鄂）的海平面趋势一致，并且与比斯开湾先前的测量结果一致。基于这种海平面趋势并借助基于LIDAR的DTM，结果表明，在50年的时间段内，由于海平面上升而导致的吉普斯库安海岸沿岸的预测变化为11.1公顷。相比之下，历史正射影像和近期正射影像的比较仅检测到2.95公顷的变化，可能是由于海平面上升引起的变化，而98公顷的变化是由人为影响引起的。因此，在分析的时空尺度上，过度的人类影响可能会淹没由于海平面上升引起的沿海变化。与最近的自然侵蚀过程和全球气候变化驱动力相比，这项工作强调了当地人为影响是巴斯克沿海和河口栖息地的主要威胁。

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