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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Modelling and mass balance assessments of nutrient retention in a seasonally-flowing estuary (Swan River Estuary, Western Australia)
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Modelling and mass balance assessments of nutrient retention in a seasonally-flowing estuary (Swan River Estuary, Western Australia)

机译：季节性流动的河口（天鹅河河口，西澳大利亚州）养分保留的建模和质量平衡评估

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摘要

An integrated mass balance and modelling approach for analysis of estuarine nutrient fluxes is demonstrated in the Swan River Estuary, a mi-crotidal system with strong hydrological dependence on seasonal river inflows. Mass balance components included estimation of gauged and ungauged inputs to the estuary and losses to the ocean (outflow and tidal exchange). Modelling components included estimation of atmospheric (N fixation, denitrification) and sediment-water column nutrient exchanges. Gross and net denitrification derived using two independent methods were significantly correlated (r~2 = 0.49, p < 0.01) with net rates averaging 40% of gross. Annual nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads from major tributaries were linearly correlated with annual freshwater discharge and were 3-fold higher in wet years than in dry years. Urban drains and groundwater contributed, on average, 26% of N inputs and 19% of P inputs, with higher relative contributions in years of low river discharge. Overall, ungauged inputs accounted for almost 35% of total nitrogen loads. For N, elevated loading in wet years was accompanied by large increases in outflow (7x) and tidal flushing (2x) losses and resulted in overall lower retention efficiency (31 %) relative to dry years (70%). For P, tidal flushing losses were similar in wet and dry years, while outflow losses (4-fold higher) were comparable in magnitude to increases in loading. As a result, P retention within the estuary was not substantially affected by inter-annual variation in water and P loading (ca. 50% in all years). Sediment nutrient stores increased in most years (remineralisation efficiency ca. 50%), but sediment nutrient releases were significant and in some circumstances were a net source of nutrients to the water column.
机译：天鹅河河口展示了用于河口营养物通量分析的综合质量平衡和建模方法，该系统是一个潮汐系统，对季节性河流量有很强的水文依赖性。质量平衡的组成部分包括对河口的计量和未计量投入物以及海洋损失（流出和潮汐交换）的估计。建模要素包括估算大气（固氮，反硝化）和沉积物-水柱养分交换。使用两种独立方法得出的总反硝化率和净反硝化率与净率平均为总值的40％显着相关（r〜2 = 0.49，p <0.01）。主要支流的年氮（N）和磷（P）负荷与年淡水排放量呈线性相关，在湿润年份比干旱年份高三倍。城市排水沟和地下水平均贡献了N投入的26％和P投入的19％，在河流流量低的年份，相对贡献更高。总体而言，未注入的投入几乎占总氮负荷的35％。对于氮，在潮湿年份增加的负荷伴随着流出量（7倍）和潮汐冲刷（2倍）损失的大幅增加，相对于干旱年份（70％）总体上降低了保留效率（31％）。对于磷，潮水的冲刷损失在干年和干年都相似，而流出损失（高出4倍）则与负荷增加相当。结果，河口内的磷保留基本上不受水和磷负荷的年际变化的影响（全年约50％）。多数年来，沉积物养分的增加（再矿化效率约为50％），但沉积物养分的释放却很明显，在某些情况下是水柱养分的净来源。

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