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Carbon dioxide in European coastal waters

机译：欧洲沿海水域中的二氧化碳

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摘要

We compiled from literature annually integrated air—water fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO_2) computed from field measurements, in 20 coastal European environments that were gathered into 3 main ecosystems: inner estuaries, upwelling continental shelves and non-upwelling continental shelves. The comparison of annual cycles of the partial pressure of CO_2 (PCO_2) in 5 contrasting continental shelves provided insights into the biogeochemical drivers of the CO_2 fluxes. The latter were also investigated by comparing CO_2 fluxes to net ecosystem (NEP) and net community production (NCP) in 3 contrasted coastal ecosystems. Air—water CO_2 fluxes were scaled at European regional level and compared to fluxes of atmospheric CO_2 in other aquatic and terrestrial compartments. Continental shelves are significant sinks for atmospheric CO_2 at an average rate of -1.9 molC m~(-2) yr~(-1) that scaled at European level corresponds to an absorption of atmospheric CO_2 of -68.1 TgC yr~(-1). This sink is equivalent to the one reported for the terrestrial biosphere of -66.1 TgC yr~(-1), based on carbon-stock change models. Estuaries are significant sources of CO_2 to the atmosphere at an average rate of 49.9 molC m~(-2) yr~(-1) that is higher than the CO_2 emission to the atmosphere from rivers, streams and lakes. The scaled emission of CO_2 to the atmosphere from inner estuaries of about 67.0 TgC yr~(-1) would almost fully balance the sink of atmospheric CO_2 computed for continental shelves. However, the scaled emission of CO_2 from estuaries to the atmosphere is inconsistent with the potential emission of CO_2 based on the fate of river organic carbon during estuarine transit. This discrepancy is most probably due to the poorly constrained surface area estimate of inner estuaries.
机译：我们从文献中汇编了在20个欧洲沿海环境中通过实地测量得出的年度空气-二氧化碳通量（CO_2），这些环境被收集到3个主要生态系统中：内河口，上升大陆架和非上升大陆架。在5个对比的大陆架上，CO_2（PCO_2）分压的年周期比较提供了对CO_2通量的生物地球化学驱动力的见解。后者还通过比较3个对比沿海生态系统中CO_2通向净生态系统（NEP）和净群落生产（NCP）的通量进行了研究。空气-水的CO_2通量在欧洲区域水平上进行了标度，并与其他水生和陆地区隔中的大气CO_2通量进行了比较。大陆架是大气CO_2的重要汇，其平均速率为-1.9 molC m〜（-2）yr〜（-1），按欧洲水平换算，对应的大气CO_2吸收为-68.1 TgC yr〜（-1） 。根据碳储量变化模型，该汇等于相当于地球生物圈-66.1 TgC yr〜（-1）的汇。河口是大气中CO_2的重要来源，平均速率为49.9 molC m〜（-2）yr〜（-1），高于河流，溪流和湖泊向大气中排放的CO_2。大约67.0 TgC yr〜（-1）的内河口向大气中按比例排放的CO_2将几乎完全平衡大陆架计算得出的大气CO_2汇。然而，从河口向大气排放的CO_2的规模排放与河口过境过程中河流有机碳的命运所导致的CO_2潜在排放不一致。这种差异很可能是由于内部河口的表面积估计约束不佳所致。

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