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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Oil refineries: a review of their ecological impacts on the aquatic environment
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Oil refineries: a review of their ecological impacts on the aquatic environment

机译：炼油厂：其对水生环境的生态影响的综述

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Pollution of the aquatic environment occurs from many different sources including from oil refineries. Oil refinery effluents contain many different chemicals at different concentrations including ammonia, sulphides, phenol and hydrocarbons. The exact composition cannot however be generalised as it depends on the refinery and which units are in operation at any specific time. It is therefore difficult to predict what effects the effluent may have on the environment. Toxicity tests have shown that most refinery effluents are toxic but to varying extents. Some species are more sensitive and the toxicity may vary throughout the life cycle. Sublethal tests have found that not only can the effluents be lethal but also they can often have sublethal effects on growth and reproduction. Field studies have shown that oil refinery effluents often have an impact on the fauna, which is usually restricted to the area close to the outfall. The extent of the effect is dependent on the effluent composition, the outfall's position and the state of the recipient environment. It is possible to detect two effects that oil refinery effluent has on the environment. Firstly it has a toxic effect close to the outfall, which is seen by the absence of all or most species. Secondly there is an enrichment effect which can be distinguished as a peak in the abundance or biomass. These effects are not limited to just oil refinery effluents, which makes it difficult to distinguish the effects an oil refinery effluent has from other pollution sources. The discharge from oil refineries has reduced in quantity and toxicity over recent decades, allowing many impacted environments in estuaries and coasts to make a substantial recovery.
机译：水环境的污染来自许多不同的来源，包括炼油厂。炼油厂废水中含有许多不同浓度的化学物质，包括氨，硫化物，苯酚和碳氢化合物。但是，确切的组成不能一概而论，因为它取决于炼油厂以及在任何特定时间运行的机组。因此，很难预测废水对环境的影响。毒性测试表明，大多数炼油厂废水有毒，但程度不同。一些物种更敏感，并且毒性可能在整个生命周期中有所不同。亚致死性测试发现，污水不仅具有致死性，而且经常会对生长和繁殖产生亚致死性影响。现场研究表明，炼油厂废水经常对动物区系产生影响，动物区系通常仅限于排污口附近。影响的程度取决于污水成分，排污口的位置和接收者环境的状态。可以检测出炼油厂废水对环境的两种影响。首先，它具有接近排污口的毒性作用，这是由于缺少所有或大多数物种而引起的。其次，存在富集效应，可以将其识别为丰度或生物量的峰值。这些影响不仅限于炼油厂废水，这使得很难将炼油厂废水与其他污染源区分开来。近几十年来，炼油厂的排放物数量减少，毒性降低，使河口和海岸许多受到影响的环境得以大量恢复。

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