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Seasonal variations of dissolved and particulate copper species in estuarine waters

机译：河口水中溶解态铜和颗粒态铜的季节性变化

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This one-year survey conducted in the macrotidal estuary of Penze (Brittany, Western part of the Channel, France) was aimed at examining the variations of the various dissolved and particulate copper species. Ten field stations along the whole freshwater-seawater mixing zone were sampled each month. Different biogeochemical parameters (SPM, chl-a, pH and DOC) were also measured. The levels in total dissolved and total particulate copper ranged from 1.8 to 9.5 nM and from 5 to 98 μg g~(-1), respectively; such amounts are indicative of a pollution-free system. Extractable C_(18) copper (non-polar hydrophobic organic copper species), in winter and spring, accounted for 30-40% of the total dissolved copper. In summer, this contribution rapidly rose to 60% in the salinity range 20-30; over the same period of time, total particulate copper decreased. The change in dissolved copper speciation and the lowering of particulate copper concentrations were attributed to the release of strong organic ligands by phytoplankton. Our field data evidenced a highly variable behaviour for the various copper species over the seasonal cycle, and then led us to identify the following mechanisms: (ⅰ) metal desorption from organic river-flown particles (winter and spring), (ⅱ) metal desorption from resuspended sediment in the upstream section (summer), (ⅲ) competition between particles, non-extractable C_(18) organic ligands and phytoplankton-released extractable C_(18) organic ligands to complex copper in the downstream section (summer), and (ⅳ) removal of non-extractable C_(18) organic copper by adsorption (autumn). Dissolved copper species fluxes were assessed: most of metal inputs to the estuary (60-74%) corresponded to non-extractable C_(18) organic copper. Winter and spring metal output fluxes were mainly constituted of non-extractable C_(18) organic complexes; on the other hand, extractable C_(18) organic complexes were predominant in summer and autumn output fluxes.
机译：这项为期一年的调查是在Penze的大潮河口（布列塔尼，海峡西段，法国）进行的，旨在研究各种溶解和颗粒状铜物种的变化。每月在整个淡水-海水混合区采样十个站点。还测量了不同的生物地球化学参数（SPM，chl-a，pH和DOC）。总溶解铜和颗粒铜的总含量分别为1.8至9.5 nM和5至98μgg〜（-1）。这样的数量表示无污染系统。在冬季和春季，可萃取的C_（18）铜（非极性疏水性有机铜物质）占总溶解铜的30-40％。在夏季，在盐度为20-30的范围内，这一贡献迅速上升到60％。在同一时期，总颗粒铜减少。溶解铜形态的变化和颗粒铜浓度的降低归因于浮游植物释放出强有机配体。我们的现场数据证明了各种铜物种在季节性周期中的行为变化很大，然后使我们确定了以下机理：（ⅰ）从河水中有机颗粒（冬季和春季）中解吸金属，（ⅱ）金属解吸从上游部分（夏季）的悬浮沉积物，（ⅲ）颗粒，不可提取的C_（18）有机配体和浮游植物释放的可提取C_（18）有机配体之间的竞争到下游部分的复杂铜（夏季），以及（ⅳ）通过吸附去除不可萃取的C_（18）有机铜（秋季）。评估了溶解铜的通量：河口的大部分金属输入（60-74％）对应于不可提取的C_（18）有机铜。冬季和春季的金属输出通量主要由不可提取的C_（18）有机配合物组成。另一方面，可萃取的C_（18）有机络合物在夏季和秋季的输出通量中占主导地位。

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