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The effect of water density variations on the tidal flushing of animal burrows

机译：水密度变化对动物洞穴潮冲的影响

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Animal burrows in mangrove swamps play an important role in the transport of various soluble materials, including salt. Flushing of burrows by inundating tides provides an efficient mechanism for the exchange of these materials. The density increase in the burrow, due to salt diffusion from pore water into the burrow, causes a greater resistance to the flushing. As the salinity difference between surface and burrow waters increases, the burrows no longer flush, and hydrostatic equilibrium exists between the different density waters. A flume experiment was conducted to compare burrow flushing characteristics with theoretical predictions. The results were consistent with a simple analytical theory in predicting whether burrows would flush. When equilibrium was attained, the difference between the interface depths was 10% greater than the theoretical prediction, which was within the experimental error. In addition, a comparison between a two-opening and a three-opening burrow showed that there was no benefit 10 the flushing capability due to additional openings. Computational fluid dynamic models were undertaken to compare with the experimental and theoretical flushing characteristics. These were also consistent with the flushing prediction theory. When equilibrium was attained, the difference between the interface depths in the model was 33% greater than the theoretical prediction. The computational study with an additional opening supported the experimental evidence that there is no advantage to the flushing. Insight into small-scale processes unable to be accurately observed could be obtained from the models, e.g. oscillations of density interfaces and turbulent scales at the burrow openings. The consistency in prediction of flushing between the theoretical, experimental and computational methods, now allows modelling of more complex burrow structures with great confidence.
机译：红树林沼泽中的动物洞穴在各种可溶性物质（包括盐）的运输中起着重要作用。通过淹没潮汐冲洗洞穴为这些物质的交换提供了一种有效的机制。由于盐从孔隙水扩散到洞穴中，使得洞穴的密度增加，从而对冲洗产生更大的抵抗力。随着地表水和洞穴水之间的盐度差增加，洞穴不再冲洗，并且在不同密度的水之间存在静水平衡。进行了水槽实验，以比较洞穴冲洗特性与理论预测。结果与简单的分析理论相符，可预测洞穴是否会潮红。当达到平衡时，界面深度之间的差异比理论预测值大10％，这在实验误差范围内。另外，在两个开口和三个开口的洞穴之间的比较表明，由于额外的开口，冲洗能力没有任何好处10。进行了计算流体动力学模型以与实验和理论冲洗特性进行比较。这些也与潮红预测理论一致。当达到平衡时，模型中界面深度之间的差异比理论预测值大33％。具有额外开口的计算研究支持了实验证明冲洗没有好处。可以从模型中获得对无法精确观察到的小规模过程的洞察力，例如洞穴开口处密度界面和湍流水垢的振荡。理论，实验和计算方法之间的冲水预测的一致性，现在可以更加自信地对更复杂的洞穴结构进行建模。

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