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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >A global exploration of tidal wetland creation for nature-based flood risk mitigation in coastal cities
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A global exploration of tidal wetland creation for nature-based flood risk mitigation in coastal cities

机译：全球潮汐湿地开发研究，以减轻沿海城市基于自然的洪水风险

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Coastal cities around the world are increasingly exposed to flood risks due to climate change, resulting sea level rise and more intense storm surges as well as due to growing coastal population densities and land subsidence. Nature-based risk mitigation, consisting of conservation or creation of coastal ecosystems that have the natural capacity to adapt to sea level rise and to mitigate storm surges, is increasingly proposed, but real-live implementation is yet limited to specific local cases. Our study presents a global scale analysis of the surface areas available for potential creation or restoration of tidal wetlands (salt marshes and mangrove forests) in front of 135 highly populated, flood-exposed coastal cities, as part of nature-based or hybrid strategies to buffer against coastal flood risks. Our results reveal that 34% (4 600 km(2)) of the total land area within the influence zone of storm surge propagation between the sea and the cities is potentially available for tidal wetlands creation. Those areas mainly correspond to rural areas with a low population density such as croplands, paddy fields or vegetated areas and to water bodies. The key factors influencing the area potentially available for tidal wetlands creation are the geomorphology and the population density, as 60% (8 300 km(2)) of the land area below mean high tide in front of the studied cities is urbanized or densely populated. Cities located along deltas or estuaries and in bays and lagoons (e.g. Hamburg, Guayaquil, Tianjin, Portland or San Jose) have generally larger low-lying coastal zones and consequently larger potentially available areas for salt marshes and mangrove forests restoration or creation for coastal flood risks mitigation. Our results contribute to increasing evidence and awareness of the possibilities of nature-based mitigation of coastal flood risks by restoring and creating tidal wetlands in front of flood-exposed coastal cities around the world.
机译：由于气候变化，海平面上升和更猛烈的风暴潮以及沿海人口密度和地面沉降的增加，世界各地的沿海城市越来越面临洪水风险。越来越多地提出了基于自然的风险缓解措施，包括保护或创造具有自然能力以适应海平面上升和缓解风暴潮的沿海生态系统，但实际实施仍仅限于当地情况。我们的研究提出了全球规模的分析，这些分析可用于在135个人口稠密，遭受洪水袭击的沿海城市前潜在地创造或恢复潮汐湿地（盐沼和红树林），这是基于自然或混合策略的一部分。缓冲沿海洪水风险。我们的结果表明，在海洋和城市之间的风暴潮传播影响区域内，总土地面积的34％（4,600 km（2））可用于潮汐湿地的创造。这些地区主要对应于人口密度低的农村地区，例如农田，稻田或植被区以及水体。影响潮汐湿地创造潜力的关键因素是地貌和人口密度，因为所研究城市前的平均高潮以下土地面积的60％（8 300 km（2））被城市化或人口稠密。位于三角洲或河口以及海湾和泻湖中的城市（例如汉堡，瓜亚基尔，天津，波特兰或圣何塞）通常具有较大的低洼沿海地区，因此可能有较大的潜在可用盐沼和红树林恢复或为沿海洪灾创造土地的地区降低风险。我们的结果有助于通过在世界各地遭受洪灾的沿海城市恢复和创建潮汐湿地的方式，来增加证据和认识到自然缓解沿海洪灾风险的可能性。

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