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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Flooding affects vertical displacement of intertidal macrofauna: A proxy for the potential impacts of environmental changes on sandy beaches
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Flooding affects vertical displacement of intertidal macrofauna: A proxy for the potential impacts of environmental changes on sandy beaches

机译：洪水影响了跨境宏过的垂直位移：一个代理对沙滩环境变化的潜在影响

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In the context of global environmental changes, sea level rise is expected to cause long-term floods in upper zones of sandy beaches, while increased rainfall may intensify freshwater floods with extreme salinity reductions. However, the effects of these changes on benthic macmfauna behavior, especially the species vertical displacement, remain largely overlooked in sandy beach ecology. Here, we used natural and manipulative experiments to evaluate whether the predicted effects of saltwater and freshwater floods would affect the distribution of beach macrofauna within the sediment column (i.e. vertical distribution). We first tested the effects of natural tidal flooding by analyzing the upper beach macrofauna at different depths within the sediment column during low and high tide periods. Then, we simulated saltwater and freshwater floods in manipulative experiments to examine their effects on the vertical distribution of the semiterrestrial crustacean Excirolana armata within the sediment. We observed that the macmfauna was concentrated closer to the sediment surface layer during low tide and in deeper areas during high tide. We also found that both saltwater and freshwater floods induced a movement of E. armata towards deeper layers of the sediment; yet this effect was dependent on salinity given that fewer individuals reached deeper sediment layers during freshwater floods. Overall, our results show that floods induce movements of sandy beach macrofauna within the sediment column, thereby changing the vertical distribution of benthic species. It is possible that these changes may affect ecological processes and services provided by sandy beach biodiversity such as bioturbation, biomass production and the flux of energy. In this regard, we suggest that future studies focus on the understanding of behavioral responses of macrofauna as a proxy for the impacts of global environmental changes, attempting to upscale their ecological consequences from the short to long-term effects.
机译：在全球环境变化的背景下，预计海平面上升将导致沙滩上部区域的长期洪水，而降雨量可能会加剧淡水洪水，以极端的盐度减少。然而，这些变化对底栖Macmfauna行为的影响，尤其是物种垂直位移，仍然很大程度上被忽视在沙滩生态学中。在这里，我们使用自然和操纵实验来评估盐水和淡水洪水的预测效果是否会影响沉积物柱内海滩宏观的分布（即垂直分布）。我们首先通过在低潮汐期间分析沉积物柱内不同深度的上海滩Macrofauna来测试天然潮汐洪水的影响。然后，我们在操纵实验中模拟了咸水和淡水洪水，以检查它们对沉积物内的半浸润甲壳类动物Excirolana Armata的垂直分布的影响。我们观察到，在低潮期间，Macmfauna浓缩至沉积物表面层，并且在高潮期间更深的区域。我们还发现，咸水和淡水洪水均致以朝向更深层次的沉积物的armata的运动;然而，这效果依赖于盐度较少的个体在淡水洪水期间达到更深层次的沉积物层。总体而言，我们的结果表明，洪水诱导沉积物柱内的沙滩宏过的运动，从而改变了底栖物种的垂直分布。这些变化可能影响沙滩生物多样性等生物扰动，生物质生产和能量通量所提供的生态过程和服务。在这方面，我们建议未来的研究侧重于理解宏飞束的行为反应作为全球环境变化影响的代理，试图从短期到长期效应的生态后果上升。

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