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首页> 外文期刊>Ethics and information technology >From open-source software to Wikipedia: 'Backgrounding' trust by collective monitoring and reputation tracking
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From open-source software to Wikipedia: 'Backgrounding' trust by collective monitoring and reputation tracking

机译：从开源软件到维基百科：通过集体监控和声誉跟踪获得“背景”信任

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摘要

Open-content communities that focus on co-creation without requirements for entry have to face the issue of institutional trust in contributors. This research investigates the various ways in which these communities manage this issue. It is shown that communities of open-source software-continue to-rely mainly on hierarchy (reserving write-access for higher echelons), which substitutes (the need for) trust. Encyclopedic communities, though, largely avoid this solution. In the particular case of Wikipedia, which is confronted with persistent vandalism, another arrangement has been pioneered instead. Trust (i.e. full write-access) is 'backgrounded' by means of a permanent mobilization of Wikipedians to monitor incoming edits. Computational approaches have been developed for the purpose, yielding both sophisticated monitoring tools that are used by human patrollers, and bots that operate autonomously. Measures of reputation are also under investigation within Wikipedia; their incorporation in monitoring efforts, as an indicator of the trustworthiness of editors, is envisaged. These collective monitoring efforts are interpreted as focusing on avoiding possible damage being inflicted on Wikipedian spaces, thereby being allowed to keep the discretionary powers of editing intact for all users. Further, the essential differences between backgrounding and substituting trust are elaborated. Finally it is argued that the Wikipedian monitoring of new edits, especially by its heavy reliance on computational tools, raises a number of moral questions that need to be answered urgently.
机译：专注于共同创造而无需进入的开放内容社区必须面对对贡献者的机构信任问题。这项研究调查了这些社区处理此问题的各种方式。结果表明，开源软件社区主要依赖于层次结构（保留对更高级别的写访问权限），而层次结构替代了信任（需要）。但是，百科全书社区在很大程度上避免了这种解决方案。在Wikipedia遇到持续破坏的特殊情况下，已经提出了另一种安排。通过永久动员维基百科来监视传入的编辑，从而使信任（即完全写访问）成为“后台”。为此目的，已经开发了计算方法，既产生了由人类巡逻人员使用的复杂监视工具，又产生了自动操作的机器人。信誉度的测量也在Wikipedia中进行；设想将它们纳入监视工作中，以表明编辑的可信赖性。这些集体监视工作被解释为着眼于避免对Wikipedian空间造成可能的损害，从而允许对所有用户保持完整的酌处权。此外，阐述了背景信任和替代信任之间的本质区别。最后，有人争辩说，维基百科对新编辑的监视，特别是由于其对计算工具的严重依赖，引起了许多道德上的问题，需要紧急解决。

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