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首页> 外文期刊>Ethics, Place and Environment >Responsibility for Emissions: A Commentary on John Nolt's 'How Harmful Are the Average American's Greenhouse Gas Emissions?'
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Responsibility for Emissions: A Commentary on John Nolt's 'How Harmful Are the Average American's Greenhouse Gas Emissions?'

机译：排放责任：约翰·诺尔特（John Nolt）的评论“美国人的平均温室气体排放有多有害？”

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John Nolt offers a helpful, albeit rough quantitative analysis of the harmfulness of the average American's greenhouse gas emissions. By examining the lifetime contributions of the average American, Nolt's analysis captures the full impact of an individual's emissions that can be lost when we focus too closely on individual actions. While one afternoon joyride may not be able to be understood as being harmful (Sinnott-Armstrong, 2005), a lifetime filled with driving and purchasing carbon-intensive products and so on can be. Nolt's analysis makes this point in a concrete and comprehensible way. In order to quantitatively assess the impact of an average American, Nolt appropriately makes several simplifying assumptions that enable him to draw on available data. Yet while it is undoubtedly useful to think about how harmful the average American's greenhouse gas emissions are, to do so first requires thinking about who bears responsibility for different kinds of emissions. Nolt implicitly assumes that individuals are responsible for all of their direct and indirect emissions, but it is not obvious that this is the only way of interpreting responsibility here. If other actors such as corporations or states are responsible for some greenhouse gas emissions, Nolt's methodology may overestimate the harmfulness of the emissions individuals are responsible for. Failing to disaggregate who is responsible for different emissions masks the implicit normative implications of Nolt's results.
机译：约翰·诺特（John Nolt）提供了有用的信息，尽管对美国平均温室气体排放的危害进行了粗略的定量分析。通过检查普通美国人一生的贡献，诺尔特的分析可以捕捉到个人排放物的全部影响，而当我们过于关注个人行为时，排放物可能会损失掉。虽然可能无法将一个下午的骑乘人理解为有害的（Sinnott-Armstrong，2005年），但终其一生中充满了驾驶和购买碳密集型产品等。 Nolt的分析以具体而可理解的方式指出了这一点。为了定量评估普通美国人的影响，诺尔特做出了一些简化的假设，使他能够利用现有数据。然而，尽管思考一下美国人的平均温室气体排放量有多有害无疑是有用的，但首先要做的是考虑到谁应对不同类型的排放量负责。诺尔特隐含地假设个人应对其所有直接和间接排放负责，但这并不明显，这是此处解释责任的唯一方式。如果公司或州等其他行为者对某些温室气体排放负有责任，则诺尔特的方法可能高估了个人应负责的排放的危害性。无法分类谁负责不同的排放量，掩盖了Nolt结果的隐含规范含义。

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  • 来源
    《Ethics, Place and Environment》 |2011年第1期|p.15-17|共3页
  • 作者

    LAUREN HARTZELL;

  • 作者单位

    Program on Values in Society and Program on Environment,University of Washington, Savery Hall Room 361, Box 353350, Seattle, WA, 98195-3350, USA.;

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