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Fukushima, Flawed Epistemology, and Black-Swan Events

机译:福岛,有缺陷的认识论和黑天鹅事件

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摘要

In response to the Fukushima, Chernobyl, and Three Mile Island core melts, nuclear proponents allege they were "black-swan events"-extremely unlikely, at the tail of probability distributions. They are wrong. This paper argues that the black-swan claim is false because proffered core-melt-probability characterizations typically fall victim to at least 3 methodological-epistemological errors: data-trimming, confusing subjective probabilities with relative frequencies, and inconsistency. rnThe black-swan claim (BSC) is that nuclear-core-melt accidents are rare. For instance, reporting on accidents like the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi disaster, many experts said it was a black-swan event, completely unpredictable (Bodansky, 1996, p. 391; Sommer, 2011, p. A6). The World Nuclear Association (WNA) likewise claims that core meltdown and containment failure are 'both extremely unlikely,' because 'the risks from… nuclear power plants… are minimal' (WNA, 2011). Relying almost completely on industry-supplied data, government representatives also repeatedly make the BSC, as when the Japanese Atomic Energy Commission said the Fukushima Daiichi disaster was 'unpredictable' (Broad and Jolly, 2011, p. A10).
机译:为应对福岛,切尔诺贝利和三英里岛的核心融化,核提议者声称它们是“黑天鹅事件”,在概率分布的尾部极不可能发生。他们错了。本文认为,黑天鹅的说法是错误的,因为提供的核心融化概率表征通常会受到至少三种方法学,病原学错误的损害:数据整理,将主观概率与相对频率混淆以及不一致。黑天鹅声称(BSC)很少发生核芯融化事故。例如,在报道2011年福岛第一核电站灾难之类的事故时,许多专家表示这是一次黑天鹅事件,完全不可预测(Bodansky,1996,第391页; Sommer,2011,第A6页)。世界核协会(WNA)同样声称,核熔化和安全壳故障“极不可能”,因为“来自……核电厂的风险……很小”(WNA,2011)。几乎完全依靠行业提供的数据,政府代表也一再制定BSC,就像日本原子能委员会说福岛第一核电站灾难“无法预测”一样(Broad and Jolly,2011,p。A10)。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Ethics, Place and Environment》 |2011年第3期|p.267-272|共6页
  • 作者

    KRISTIN SHRADER-FRECHETTE;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Philosophy, University of Notre,Dame, IN, USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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