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Geoengineering, Political Legitimacy and Justice

机译：地球工程，政治合法性和正义

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Geoengineering is commonly defined as 'the deliberate large-scale manipulation of the planetary environment to counteract anthropogenic climate change' (Royal Society, 2009, 1). Technologies which might be deployed to attempt geoengineering are either speculative or only in the very early stages of development. Those currently being considered fall into two main camps. Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) techniques aim to decrease climate change by withdrawing significant amounts of carbon dioxide, the main anthropogenic greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere. Proposed methods include direct air capture, ocean fertilization, enhanced weathering, and large-scale afforestation. Solar Radiation Management (SRM) technologies endeavor to offset the warming effects of rising greenhouse concentrations by decreasing the amount of energy the Earth's surface receives from the Sun, usually through increasing the planet's albedo (i.e. its reflectivity). In the early literature, the techniques attracting most attention are spraying sulfate particles in the stratosphere (stratospheric sulfate injection or 'SSI') and marine cloud brightening ('MCB'). Other possibilities include making deserts, oceans and roofs more reflective.
机译：地球工程通常被定义为“为应对人为气候变化而故意大规模操纵行星环境”（Royal Society，2009，1）。可以尝试进行地球工程的技术只是投机性的，或者只是在开发的早期阶段。目前正在考虑的人分为两个主要阵营。二氧化碳去除（CDR）技术旨在通过从大气中抽取大量二氧化碳（人为主要温室气体）来减少气候变化。提议的方法包括直接空气捕获，海洋施肥，增强风化和大规模造林。太阳辐射管理（SRM）技术致力于通过减少地球表面从太阳接收的能量（通常是通过增加行星的反照率）（即其反射率）来抵消温室气体浓度升高带来的变暖影响。在早期文献中，吸引最多注意力的技术是在平流层中喷洒硫酸盐颗粒（平流层硫酸盐注入或“ SSI”）和海洋云层增亮（“ MCB”）。其他可能性包括使沙漠，海洋和屋顶更具反射性。

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