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Burden of Proof in Environmental Disputes in the WTO: Legal Aspects

机译：世贸组织环境争端的举证责任：法律方面

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摘要

This paper discusses allocation of burden of proof in environmental disputes in the WTO system. Besides laying down the natural principles that (ⅰ) the complainant carries the burden to (ⅱ) make a prima facie case that its claim holds, WTO adjudicating bodies have said little of more general nature. The paper therefore examines the case law of relevance to environmental policies, to establish the rules concerning burden of proof that are likely to be applied in such disputes. Evaluating this case law, the paper makes two observations: first, in cases submitted under the GA TTWTO, adjudicating bodies have committed errors regarding the required amount of evidence (the burden of persuasion); and second, such errors, as well as errors concerning the determination of the party to carry the burden of providing this evidence (the burden of production), have been committed in disputes submitted under the TBT/SPS Agreements. These errors largely seem attributable to the general absence of methodology regarding the interpretation of some key substantive provisions featuring in the three Agreements.
机译：本文讨论了WTO体系中环境纠纷中举证责任的分配。 WTO裁决机构除了规定（）申诉人负担（ⅱ）提出其主张成立的表面证据的自然原则外，WTO裁决机构也没有说出更笼统的性质。因此，本文研究了与环境政策相关的判例法，以建立有关可能在此类纠纷中适用的举证责任规则。在评估该判例法时，本文提出了两个意见：首先，在根据GA TTWTO提交的案件中，裁决机构在所需证据量（说服力）方面犯了错误。第二，这种错误，以及与当事方决定承担提供此证据的责任（生产责任）有关的错误，都是在根据TBT / SPS协议提交的争议中犯下的。这些错误似乎主要归因于普遍缺乏解释这三个协定中某些关键实质性规定的方法。

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