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Environmental Criminal Law in the First Pillar: A Positive Development for Environmental Protection in the European Union?

机译：第一支柱环境刑法：欧盟环境保护的积极发展？

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摘要

The quest for a "high" level of environmental protection in the European Union (EU) is dependent on the successful implementation and enforcement of EU legislation by Member States. Thus, despite the fact that the Community did not originally have a mandate to impose the choice of instrument of implementation of Community Law on Member States, the decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) of 13 September 2005 (Case C-176/03 Commission v Council) has finally established that while the Community does not have competence in criminal matters per se, the Community institutions may require Member States to introduce criminal sanctions for the protection of the environment. The ECJ has therefore annulled a Framework Decision of the Council which aimed at harmonising the criminal sanctions for protection of the environment of Member States under the third pillar of the EU, rather than the first pillar (which allows the Commission and ECJ to exercise stronger enforcement powers). These developments demonstrate that for the first time a supranational institution may be able effectively to enforce an obligation on national authorities to enact penal sanctions for environmental protection. The objective of this paper will be to discuss whether the harmonisation of environmental criminal standards may lead to better environmental protection within the EU.
机译：在欧洲联盟（EU）中寻求“高度”环境保护的要求取决于成员国成功实施和执行欧盟法律。因此，尽管事实上欧共体最初没有授权成员国选择执行欧共体法律的手段，但欧洲法院2005年9月13日的决定（C-176 / 03委员会v理事会）最终确定，尽管欧共体本身在刑事事务方面不具有管辖权，但欧共体机构可要求会员国对保护环境采取刑事制裁。因此，欧洲法院取消了理事会的框架决定，该决定旨在统一针对欧盟第三支柱而非第一支柱的刑事制裁，以保护会员国的环境（这使委员会和欧洲法院能够采取更强有力的执法措施。权力）。这些事态发展表明，一个超国家机构可能第一次能够有效地执行国家当局对环境保护实行刑事制裁的义务。本文的目的是讨论环境刑法标准的统一是否会导致欧盟内部更好的环境保护。

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