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首页> 外文期刊>European intellectual property review >The Confusion Test in European Trade Mark Law, Likelihood of Confusion in Trade Mark Law: A Practical Guide to the Case Law of EU Courts
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The Confusion Test in European Trade Mark Law, Likelihood of Confusion in Trade Mark Law: A Practical Guide to the Case Law of EU Courts

机译：欧洲商标法的混乱试验，贸易标志法的困惑的可能性：欧盟法院判例法的实用指南

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The likelihood of confusion test, laid down in art.9(2)(b) of Regulation 2017/1001 (the European Union Trade Mark Regulation) and its counterparts, is probably the most expansive doctrine of European trade mark law. It might even be the most important. Sections (a) and (c) of the provisions also provide trade mark proprietors with protection, but the vast majority of infringement cases involve "(b)-type infringements", which underlines the doctrine's significance from a practical perspective. I would argue that it is also trade mark law's essential doctrine from a theoretical point of view because it raises the question at what level of abstraction a trade mark registration grants protection, which goes to the heart of intellectual property law.1 The European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) Trade Mark Guidelines on double identity and likelihood of confusion add up to a book-length commentary, but remarkably the subject has not received substantial scholarly attention-until recently. 2019 saw the release of not one, but two monographs: Fhima and Gangjee's The Confusion Test (Oxford) and Muyldermans and Maeyaert's Likelihood of Confusion (Kluwer). Christmas came early for trade mark enthusiasts looking for some guidance in this field of law, which, owing to the sheer number of decisions by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) courts, is often extremely likely to confuse even above-average consumers of European trade mark law.
机译：混淆试验的可能性，在2017/1001（欧洲联盟商标条例）及其同行规定的第9（2）（b））可能是欧洲商标法最广泛的教义。它甚至可能是最重要的。条款的一节（a）和（c）还提供具有保护的商标业主，但绝大多数侵权案件涉及“（b）型侵权”，这强调了从实际角度来看的教义的意义。我争辩说，它也是从理论观点的贸易标志法的基本学说，因为它提出了在什么样的抽象级别的商标注册赠款保护的问题，这取决于知识产权法的核心.1欧盟知识分子物业办事处（EUIPO）商标关于双重身份和混淆可能性的准则加入了一份书籍长度评论，但最近的主题尚未获得大量学术关注 - 直到最近。 2019年的释放不是一个，而是两本专着：FHIMA和Gangjee是混乱的测试（牛津）和坟墓和Maeyaert的混乱可能性（Kluwer）。圣诞节早早出现了在这个法律领域寻找一些指导的商标爱好者，这是由于欧洲联盟法院（CJEU）法院的决定庞大的决定，往往极其可能混淆甚至平均混淆欧洲商标法的消费者。

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