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首页> 外文期刊>European Journal of Cognitive Psychology >Memory accuracy in old age: Cognitive, metacognitive, and neurocognitive determinants
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Memory accuracy in old age: Cognitive, metacognitive, and neurocognitive determinants

机译：老年记忆的准确性：认知，元认知和神经认知的决定因素。

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摘要

Age differences in memory accuracy were examined within a conceptual framework specifying the mediating role of metacognitive monitoring and control processes (Koriat & Goldsmith, 1996b). Replicating previous results, older adults showed poorer memory quantity and accuracy performance compared to young adults. Even when memory quantity performance was equated, by dividing the young adults' attention during encoding, the difference in memory accuracy was not eliminated. Examination of the underlying metacognitive processes revealed that the age-related reduction in memory accuracy stemmed partly from less effective memory monitoring, apparently the result of poorer encoding, and also from differences in two aspects of metacognitive control: (1) a more liberal report criterion—greater tendency to volunteer incorrect (and correct) answers, and (2) reduced control sensitivity—less reliance on subjective monitoring as a basis for responding. This latter control reduction was associated with lower neuropsychological measures of executive functioning, suggesting a decline in frontal-lobe efficiency.
机译：在一个概念框架内检查了记忆准确性的年龄差异，该框架规定了元认知监控过程的中介作用（Koriat＆Goldsmith，1996b）。复制以前的结果，与年轻人相比，老年人表现出较差的记忆力和准确性。即使当记忆量性能相等时，通过在编码期间划分年轻人的注意力，也不能消除记忆准确度的差异。对潜在的元认知过程的研究表明，与年龄相关的记忆准确性下降部分是由于记忆监控效率较低，显然是编码较差的结果以及元认知控制的两个方面的差异所致：（1）报告标准更为宽松-更倾向于自愿提供不正确（和正确）的答案，以及（2）降低了控制敏感性-减少了对主观监视的依赖，从而做出了回应。后者的控制减少与执行功能的神经心理学指标降低有关，提示额叶效率下降。

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