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首页> 外文期刊>The European journal of development research >Global Value Chains, Industrial Policy, and Industrial Upgrading: Automotive Sectors in Malaysia, Thailand, and China in Comparison with Korea
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Global Value Chains, Industrial Policy, and Industrial Upgrading: Automotive Sectors in Malaysia, Thailand, and China in Comparison with Korea

机译：全球价值链，产业政策和产业升级：马来西亚，泰国和中国的汽车领域与韩国相比

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摘要

This study compares the evolution of automotive sectors in Malaysia, Thailand, and China with that of Korea by focusing on industrial policy, particularly local content requirements (LCRs) and global value chains (GVCs). Although LCRs show common effects of increasing the localization ratio to a certain degree, the eventual development paths of automotive sectors diverge in the three countries. In terms of three measures of upgrading in GVC, namely, the share of domestic (or foreign) value-added in their exports, export orientation (re-exported intermediate imports), and international competitiveness of their intermediate parts (domestic value-added embodied in foreign exports), China is the most successful (highest in two measures), followed by Thailand with strong export orientation, and with Malaysia being the least successful. Such divergent outcomes in three countries are explained in terms of three key factors, namely, local ownership, disciplines from market competition, and firm-level effort and strategies. Given the monopoly by national brand makers, Malaysia lacks discipline from market competition, whereas Thailand lacks local ownership and consistency in promoting domestic value-added. China is neither a national monopoly nor dominated by foreign joint ventures, but a strong entry by locally owned firms result in fierce market competition. In addition, Chinese firms attempt to build their technological capabilities and localize the production of key parts and components.
机译：这项研究着眼于产业政策，特别是当地含量要求（LCR的）和全球价值链（全球价值链）在马来西亚，泰国和中国汽车行业与韩国的发展比较。尽管LCR的显示提高国产化比例在一定程度上的共同作用的结果，汽车行业最终发展路径分歧在这三个国家。在全球价值链升级的三项措施方面，即国内（或国外）增值在其出口，出口导向（再出口中间进口），以及它们的中间部分的国际竞争力（国内附加值体现的份额在外国出口）中，中国是最成功的（两项措施中最高），其次是泰国出口强劲，并与马来西亚最不成功。三个国家的这种不同结果是在三个关键因素，即当地所有权，来自市场竞争的纪律以及企业级别的努力和战略方面解释的。鉴于国家品牌制造商垄断，马来西亚缺乏市场竞争的纪律，而泰国缺乏当地所有权和促进国内增值的一致性。中国既不是国民垄断，也不是外国合资企业，而是当地拥有公司的强劲进入，导致激烈的市场竞争。此外，中国企业试图建立其技术能力，并本地化关键部件和组件的生产。

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