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摘要

In the XlXth century, and first part of the XXth century, there were mainly three important engineer training models in Europe, the German, the British and the French model, adapted in other European countries that spread throughout the world. Due to the internationalisation of training, higher education has changed since the 1990s in most countries (Elliot et al. 2011). These changes have not been experienced in the same way in northern and southern hemispheres, in the different countries within these hemispheres, and in the different types of higher education establishments within these countries (Leclerc-Olive et al. 2011). Engineer training is interesting to observe in this context for several reasons. On one hand, engineers are often considered to be the vehicles of social progress and necessary innovations in society (Saad, Guermat, and Brodie 2015). Thus, they play a major role at a national level which is not just economic, but also social and political. Moreover, in some countries such as France, engineering schools train elites (Lemaitre 2011). Furthermore, in some countries, such as France or Portugal, one finds specificities meaning that the institutions which train engineers have been kept apart from the functioning and evolution of universities for several centuries (Grelon 2004). Such specific examples could help us identify the sources and drivers of transformation, the potential for structural transformation in engineering education and the areas of tension in the development of old-established systems.
机译:在二十一世纪和二十世纪上半叶,在欧洲主要有三种重要的工程师培训模型,即德国,英国和法国模型,并在遍及全球的其他欧洲国家进行了改编。由于培训的国际化,自1990年代以来,大多数国家的高等教育已经发生了变化(Elliot等,2011)。在北半球和南半球,这些半球内的不同国家以及这些国家内的不同类型的高等教育机构中,都没有以相同的方式经历这些变化(Leclerc-Olive等人,2011)。出于以下几个原因,在这种情况下进行工程师培训很有趣。一方面,工程师通常被认为是社会进步和社会中必要创新的工具(Saad,Guermat和Brodie,2015年)。因此,它们不仅在经济方面而且在社会和政治方面都在国家一级发挥重要作用。此外,在法国等一些国家,工科学校培养精英(Lemaitre 2011)。此外,在一些国家,例如法国或葡萄牙,人们发现了特殊性,这意味着培训工程师的机构与大学的职能和发展相距已有数百年之久(Grelon 2004)。这样的具体例子可以帮助我们确定变革的源泉和动因,工程教育中结构变革的潜力以及旧体系发展中的紧张领域。

著录项

  • 来源
    《European journal of engineering education》 |2017年第2期|127-130|共4页
  • 作者

    Linda Gardelle;

  • 作者单位

    Ecole Nationale Superieure des Ingenieurs des Techniques Avancees Bretagne, 2 rue François Verny, Brest,France;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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