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首页> 外文期刊>European Journal of Population/Revue européenne de Démographie >Mortality in Belarus, Lithuania, and Russia: Divergence in Recent Trends and Possible Explanations
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Mortality in Belarus, Lithuania, and Russia: Divergence in Recent Trends and Possible Explanations

机译：白俄罗斯，立陶宛和俄罗斯的死亡率：近期趋势的分歧和可能的解释

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摘要

Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, Belarus, Lithuania, and Russia were quite comparable in terms of their socioeconomic development. Despite some differences in overall mortality levels, the three former Soviet republics were also very close to each other in terms of directions of mortality trends and age- and cause-specific mortality patterns. After 1991, all the three countries experienced substantial political and social transformations, and the challenges associated with the transition from a socialist to a market economy system. The sudden changes brought numerous problems, such as rapid growth in unemployment, falling standards of living, and growing social and income inequalities. These factors contributed to the significant deterioration of the health situation in all the countries, but the size and the nature of the mortality crisis was different in Belarus than it was in Lithuania and Russia. The marked similarities in socioeconomic and mortality trends in the countries up to 1991 contrast with their notable divergence during the subsequent years. The nature and success of market reforms seems to be the most plausible explanation for these differences. Russia and Lithuania have chosen more radical forms of economic and political transformations, which have led to massive privatization campaigns. The reforms were more sustainable and systematic in Lithuania than in Russia. By contrast, Belarus has chosen a gradual and slow transition path. Recent mortality trends in Belarus are explored in detail here, and are contrasted with those observed in Lithuania and Russia. Including a cause-of-death analysis sheds more light on the plausible determinants of the variations in mortality levels between the countries.
机译：在苏联解体之前，白俄罗斯，立陶宛和俄罗斯的社会经济发展相当。尽管总体死亡率水平存在一些差异，但在死亡率趋势的方向以及特定年龄和特定原因的死亡率模式方面，前三个苏维埃共和国也非常接近。 1991年之后，这三个国家都经历了重大的政治和社会变革，以及从社会主义向市场经济体制过渡带来的挑战。突然的变化带来了许多问题，例如失业率的快速增长，生活水平的下降以及社会和收入不平等的加剧。这些因素导致所有国家的卫生状况大大恶化，但是白俄罗斯的死亡危机的规模和性质与立陶宛和俄罗斯不同。截至1991年，这些国家在社会经济和死亡率趋势上的显着相似之处与随后几年的显着差异形成了鲜明对比。市场改革的性质和成功似乎是这些差异的最合理解释。俄罗斯和立陶宛选择了更为激进的经济和政治转型形式，从而引发了大规模的私有化运动。与俄罗斯相比，立陶宛的改革更具可持续性和系统性。相比之下，白俄罗斯选择了一个缓慢而缓慢的过渡道路。这里将详细探讨白俄罗斯最近的死亡率趋势，并将其与立陶宛和俄罗斯的情况进行对比。包括死亡原因分析，可以更清楚地了解各国之间死亡率水平变化的合理决定因素。

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