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Spatial Aspects of the Rise of Nonmarital Fertility Across Europe Since 1960: The Role of States and Regions in Shaping Patterns of Change

机译:自1960年以来欧洲非婚生育率上升的空间方面:国家和地区在塑造变化模式中的作用

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This article investigates the role of states and regions in shaping spatial patterns of nonmarital fertility in Europe since 1960 using a dataset of 497 European subnational regions and smaller countries. Almost all regions registered substantial nonmarital fertility increases over the last 50 years. Prior research has shown that in the first half of the twentieth century states played a dominant role in drawing the demographic map of Europe (Watkins, From provinces into nations: demographic integration in Western Europe 1870–1960. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1991). As a result, subnational regional variation decreased, while differences between countries increased. In this article, we investigate whether states continue to play such a dominant role in delineating patterns of nonmarital fertility between 1960 and 2007. We find that variation in nonmarital fertility levels increased as a whole across Europe, and states continued to be important for determining these patterns. However, the role of states relative to regions declined in the latest period examined (1990 and 2007). Possible explanations for the changes include increased supranational integration, for example, within the European Union, and decentralisation within states leading to increases in variation in subnational contextual conditions.
机译:本文使用497个欧洲国家以下地区和较小国家的数据集,研究了州和地区在塑造1960年以来欧洲非婚姻生育力空间格局中的作用。在过去的50年中,几乎所有地区的非婚生育率都大幅增加。先前的研究表明,在二十世纪上半叶,各州在绘制欧洲人口地图中起了主要作用(沃特金斯,《从省到国家:西欧的人口融合》,1870年至1960年。普林斯顿大学出版社,普林斯顿,1991年) 。结果,地方以下区域差异减少,而国家之间的差异增加。在本文中,我们调查了1960年至2007年间各州在描述非婚生育率模式方面是否继续发挥主导作用。我们发现整个欧洲非婚生育率的变化总体上都在增加,而各州对于确定这些因素仍然很重要模式。但是,在最近考察的时期(1990年和2007年),国家相对于地区的作用下降了。对于这种变化的可能解释包括,例如,在欧盟内部,超国家一体化的加剧,以及国家内部的权力下放,导致地方以下环境条件差异的增加。

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